update: touchups

Added new notebook that creates Vertex AI AutoML text entity extraction dataset from PDFs using Vision API (#683 )
2026-09-26 22:51:56 +00:00 · 2022-06-23 16:56:20 +00:00 · 2022-06-23 16:46:46 +00:00 · 2022-06-23 08:38:14 -07:00 · 2022-06-22 21:31:55 -05:00 · 2022-06-22 21:49:09 -04:00
298 changed files with 146925 additions and 23871 deletions
@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2020 Google LLC
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# We want to use LTS ubuntu from our mirror because dockerhub has a
-# rate limit.
-# FROM mirror.gcr.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
-# However, now the above image is not working, we're using our own cache
-FROM gcr.io/cloud-devrel-kokoro-resources/ubuntu:20.04
-
-ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
-
-# Ensure local Python is preferred over distribution Python.
-ENV PATH /usr/local/bin:$PATH
-
-# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
-# At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system fundamentally breaks
-# Python 3.
-ENV LANG C.UTF-8
-
-# Install dependencies.
-RUN apt-get update \
-  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    apt-transport-https \
-    build-essential \
-    ca-certificates \
-    curl \
-    dirmngr \
-    git \
-    gcc \
-    gpg-agent \
-    graphviz \
-    libbz2-dev \
-    libdb5.3-dev \
-    libexpat1-dev \
-    libffi-dev \
-    liblzma-dev \
-    libmagickwand-dev \
-    libmemcached-dev \
-    libpython3-dev \
-    libreadline-dev \
-    libsnappy-dev \
-    libssl-dev \
-    libsqlite3-dev \
-    portaudio19-dev \
-    pkg-config \
-    redis-server \
-    software-properties-common \
-    ssh \
-    sudo \
-    systemd \
-    tcl \
-    tcl-dev \
-    tk \
-    tk-dev \
-    uuid-dev \
-    wget \
-    zlib1g-dev \
-  && apt-get clean autoclean \
-  && apt-get autoremove -y \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
-
-# Install docker
-RUN curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
-
-RUN add-apt-repository \
-   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
-   $(lsb_release -cs) \
-   stable"
-
-RUN apt-get update \
-  && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    docker-ce \
-  && apt-get clean autoclean \
-  && apt-get autoremove -y \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
-
-# Install Bazel for compiling Tink in Cloud SQL Client Side Encryption Samples
-# TODO: Delete this section once google/tink#483 is resolved
-RUN apt install -y curl gpgconf gpg \
-  && curl -fsSL https://bazel.build/bazel-release.pub.gpg | gpg --dearmor > bazel.gpg \
-  && mv bazel.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ \
-  && echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list \
-  && apt update &&  apt install -y bazel \
-  && apt-get clean autoclean \
-  && apt-get autoremove -y \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
-
-# Install Microsoft ODBC 17 Driver and unixodbc for testing SQL Server samples
-RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add - \
-  && curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list \
-  && apt-get update \
-  && ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-    msodbcsql17 \
-    unixodbc-dev \
-  && apt-get clean autoclean \
-  && apt-get autoremove -y \
-  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
-  && rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
-
-COPY fetch_gpg_keys.sh /tmp
-# Install the desired versions of Python.
-RUN set -ex \
-    && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
-    && echo "disable-ipv6" >> "${GNUPGHOME}/dirmngr.conf" \
-    && /tmp/fetch_gpg_keys.sh \
-    && for PYTHON_VERSION in 2.7.18 3.6.13 3.7.10 3.8.8 3.9.2; do \
-        wget --no-check-certificate -O python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" \
-        && wget --no-check-certificate -O python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz.asc "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" \
-        && gpg --batch --verify python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz.asc python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz \
-        && rm -r python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz.asc \
-        && mkdir -p /usr/src/python-${PYTHON_VERSION} \
-        && tar -xJC /usr/src/python-${PYTHON_VERSION} --strip-components=1 -f python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz \
-        && rm python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tar.xz \
-        && cd /usr/src/python-${PYTHON_VERSION} \
-        && ./configure \
-            --enable-shared \
-            # This works only on Python 2.7 and throws a warning on every other
-            # version, but seems otherwise harmless.
-            --enable-unicode=ucs4 \
-            --with-system-ffi \
-            --without-ensurepip \
-        && make -j$(nproc) \
-        && make install \
-        && ldconfig \
-  ; done \
-  && rm -rf "${GNUPGHOME}" \
-  && rm -rf /usr/src/python* \
-  && rm -rf ~/.cache/
-
-
-# Install pip on Python 3.6 only.
-# If the environment variable is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with
-# "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"
-ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 20.2.4
-RUN wget --no-check-certificate -O /tmp/get-pip.py 'https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py' \
-    && python3.6 /tmp/get-pip.py "pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION" \
-  # we use "--force-reinstall" for the case where the version of pip we're trying to install is the same as the version bundled with Python
-  # ("Requirement already up-to-date: pip==8.1.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages")
-  # https://github.com/docker-library/python/pull/143#issuecomment-241032683
-    && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --force-reinstall "pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION" \
-  # then we use "pip list" to ensure we don't have more than one pip version installed
-  # https://github.com/docker-library/python/pull/100
-    && [ "$(pip list |tac|tac| awk -F '[ ()]+' '$1 == "pip" { print $2; exit }')" = "$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION" ]
-
-# Ensure Pip for python3
-RUN python3 /tmp/get-pip.py
-RUN rm /tmp/get-pip.py
-
-# Install "virtualenv", since the vast majority of users of this image
-# will want it.
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir virtualenv
-
-# Setup Cloud SDK
-ENV CLOUD_SDK_VERSION 339.0.0
-# Use system python for cloud sdk.
-ENV CLOUDSDK_PYTHON python3.6
-RUN wget https://dl.google.com/dl/cloudsdk/channels/rapid/downloads/google-cloud-sdk-$CLOUD_SDK_VERSION-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
-RUN tar xzf google-cloud-sdk-$CLOUD_SDK_VERSION-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
-RUN /google-cloud-sdk/install.sh
-ENV PATH /google-cloud-sdk/bin:$PATH
-
-# Enable redis-server on boot.
-RUN sudo systemctl enable redis-server.service
-
-# Create a user and allow sudo
-
-# kbuilder uid on the default Kokoro image
-ARG UID=1000
-ARG USERNAME=kbuilder
-
-# Add a new user to the container image.
-# This is needed for ssh and sudo access.
-
-# Add a new user with the caller's uid and the username.
-RUN useradd -d /h -u ${UID} ${USERNAME}
-
-# Allow nopasswd sudo
-RUN echo "${USERNAME} ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
-
-CMD ["python3.6"]
@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import argparse
-import dataclasses
-import datetime
-import functools
-import pathlib
-import os
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
-import concurrent
-from tabulate import tabulate
-
-import ExecuteNotebook
-
-
-def str2bool(v):
-    if isinstance(v, bool):
-        return v
-    if v.lower() in ("yes", "true", "t", "y", "1"):
-        return True
-    elif v.lower() in ("no", "false", "f", "n", "0"):
-        return False
-    else:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Boolean value expected.")
-
-
-def format_timedelta(delta: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
-    """Formats a timedelta duration to [N days] %H:%M:%S format"""
-    seconds = int(delta.total_seconds())
-
-    secs_in_a_day = 86400
-    secs_in_a_hour = 3600
-    secs_in_a_min = 60
-
-    days, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_day)
-    hours, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_hour)
-    minutes, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_min)
-
-    time_fmt = f"{hours:02d}:{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
-
-    if days > 0:
-        suffix = "s" if days > 1 else ""
-        return f"{days} day{suffix} {time_fmt}"
-
-    return time_fmt
-
-
-@dataclasses.dataclass
-class NotebookExecutionResult:
-    notebook: str
-    duration: datetime.timedelta
-    is_pass: bool
-    error_message: Optional[str]
-
-
-def execute_notebook(
-    artifacts_path: str,
-    variable_project_id: str,
-    variable_region: str,
-    should_log_output: bool,
-    should_use_new_kernel: bool,
-    notebook: str,
-) -> NotebookExecutionResult:
-    print(f"Running notebook: {notebook}")
-
-    result = NotebookExecutionResult(
-        notebook=notebook,
-        duration=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
-        is_pass=False,
-        error_message=None,
-    )
-
-    # TODO: Handle cases where multiple notebooks have the same name
-    time_start = datetime.datetime.now()
-    try:
-        ExecuteNotebook.execute_notebook(
-            notebook_file_path=notebook,
-            output_file_folder=artifacts_path,
-            replacement_map={
-                "PROJECT_ID": variable_project_id,
-                "REGION": variable_region,
-            },
-            should_log_output=should_log_output,
-            should_use_new_kernel=should_use_new_kernel,
-        )
-        result.duration = datetime.datetime.now() - time_start
-        result.is_pass = True
-        print(f"{notebook} PASSED in {format_timedelta(result.duration)}.")
-    except Exception as error:
-        result.duration = datetime.datetime.now() - time_start
-        result.is_pass = False
-        result.error_message = str(error)
-        print(
-            f"{notebook} FAILED in {format_timedelta(result.duration)}: {result.error_message}"
-        )
-
-    return result
-
-
-def run_changed_notebooks(
-    test_paths_file: str,
-    base_branch: Optional[str],
-    output_folder: str,
-    variable_project_id: str,
-    variable_region: str,
-    should_parallelize: bool,
-    should_use_separate_kernels: bool,
-):
-    """
-    Run the notebooks that exist under the folders defined in the test_paths_file.
-    It only runs notebooks that have differences from the Git base_branch.
-
-    The executed notebooks are saved in the output_folder.
-
-    Variables are also injected into the notebooks such as the variable_project_id and variable_region.
-
-    Args:
-        test_paths_file (str):
-            Required. The new-line delimited file to folders and files that need checking.
-            Folders are checked recursively.
-        base_branch (str):
-            Optional. If provided, only the files that have changed from the base_branch will be checked.
-            If not provided, all files will be checked.
-        output_folder (str):
-            Required. The folder to write executed notebooks to.
-        variable_project_id (str):
-            Required. The value for PROJECT_ID to inject into notebooks.
-        variable_region (str):
-            Required. The value for REGION to inject into notebooks.
-        should_parallelize (bool):
-            Required. Should run notebooks in parallel using a thread pool as opposed to in sequence.
-        should_use_separate_kernels (bool):
-            Note: Dependencies don't install correctly when this is set to True
-            See https://github.com/nteract/papermill/issues/625
-
-            Required. Should run each notebook in a separate and independent virtual environment.
-    """
-
-    test_paths = []
-    with open(test_paths_file) as file:
-        lines = [line.strip() for line in file.readlines()]
-        lines = [line for line in lines if len(line) > 0]
-        test_paths = [line for line in lines]
-
-    if len(test_paths) == 0:
-        raise RuntimeError("No test folders found.")
-
-    print(f"Checking folders: {test_paths}")
-
-    # Find notebooks
-    notebooks = []
-    if base_branch:
-        print(f"Looking for notebooks that changed from branch: {base_branch}")
-        notebooks = subprocess.check_output(
-            ["git", "diff", "--name-only", f"origin/{base_branch}..."] + test_paths
-        )
-    else:
-        print(f"Looking for all notebooks.")
-        notebooks = subprocess.check_output(["git", "ls-files"] + test_paths)
-
-    notebooks = notebooks.decode("utf-8").split("\n")
-    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if notebook.endswith(".ipynb")]
-    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if len(notebook) > 0]
-    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if Path(notebook).exists()]
-
-    # Create paths
-    artifacts_path = Path(output_folder)
-    artifacts_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    artifacts_path.joinpath("success").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    artifacts_path.joinpath("failure").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
-    notebook_execution_results: List[NotebookExecutionResult] = []
-
-    if len(notebooks) > 0:
-        print(f"Found {len(notebooks)} modified notebooks: {notebooks}")
-
-        if should_parallelize and len(notebooks) > 1:
-            print(
-                "Running notebooks in parallel, so no logs will be displayed. Please wait..."
-            )
-            with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None) as executor:
-                notebook_execution_results = list(
-                    executor.map(
-                        functools.partial(
-                            execute_notebook,
-                            artifacts_path,
-                            variable_project_id,
-                            variable_region,
-                            False,
-                            should_use_separate_kernels,
-                        ),
-                        notebooks,
-                    )
-                )
-        else:
-            notebook_execution_results = [
-                execute_notebook(
-                    artifacts_path=artifacts_path,
-                    variable_project_id=variable_project_id,
-                    variable_region=variable_region,
-                    notebook=notebook,
-                    should_log_output=True,
-                    should_use_new_kernel=should_use_separate_kernels,
-                )
-                for notebook in notebooks
-            ]
-    else:
-        print("No notebooks modified in this pull request.")
-
-    print("\n=== RESULTS ===\n")
-
-    notebooks_sorted = sorted(
-        notebook_execution_results,
-        key=lambda result: result.is_pass,
-        reverse=True,
-    )
-    # Print results
-    print(
-        tabulate(
-            [
-                [
-                    os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(result.notebook)),
-                    "PASSED" if result.is_pass else "FAILED",
-                    format_timedelta(result.duration),
-                    result.error_message or "--",
-                ]
-                for result in notebooks_sorted
-            ],
-            headers=["file", "status", "duration", "error"],
-        )
-    )
-
-    print("\n=== END RESULTS===\n")
-
-
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run changed notebooks.")
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--test_paths_file",
-    type=pathlib.Path,
-    help="The path to the file that has newline-limited folders of notebooks that should be tested.",
-    required=True,
-)
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--base_branch",
-    help="The base git branch to diff against to find changed files.",
-    required=False,
-)
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--output_folder",
-    type=pathlib.Path,
-    help="The path to the folder to store executed notebooks.",
-    required=True,
-)
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--variable_project_id",
-    type=str,
-    help="The GCP project id. This is used to inject a variable value into the notebook before running.",
-    required=True,
-)
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--variable_region",
-    type=str,
-    help="The GCP region. This is used to inject a variable value into the notebook before running.",
-    required=True,
-)
-
-# Note: Dependencies don't install correctly when this is set to True
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--should_parallelize",
-    type=str2bool,
-    nargs="?",
-    const=True,
-    default=False,
-    help="Should run notebooks in parallel.",
-)
-
-# Note: This isn't guaranteed to work correctly due to existing Papermill issue
-# See https://github.com/nteract/papermill/issues/625
-parser.add_argument(
-    "--should_use_separate_kernels",
-    type=str2bool,
-    nargs="?",
-    const=True,
-    default=False,
-    help="(Experimental) Should run each notebook in a separate and independent virtual environment.",
-)
-
-args = parser.parse_args()
-run_changed_notebooks(
-    test_paths_file=args.test_paths_file,
-    base_branch=args.base_branch,
-    output_folder=args.output_folder,
-    variable_project_id=args.variable_project_id,
-    variable_region=args.variable_region,
-    should_parallelize=args.should_parallelize,
-    should_use_separate_kernels=args.should_use_separate_kernels,
-)
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import json
-import sys
-import nbformat
-import os
-import errno
-from NotebookProcessors import RemoveNoExecuteCells, UpdateVariablesPreprocessor
-from typing import Dict, Tuple
-import papermill as pm
-import shutil
-import virtualenv
-import uuid
-from jupyter_client.kernelspecapp import KernelSpecManager
-
-# This script is used to execute a notebook and write out the output notebook.
-# The replaces calling the nbconvert via command-line, which doesn't write the output notebook correctly when there are errors during execution.
-
-STAGING_FOLDER = "staging"
-ENVIRONMENTS_PATH = "environments"
-KERNELS_SPECS_PATH = "kernel_specs"
-
-
-def create_and_install_kernel() -> Tuple[str, str]:
-    # Create environment
-    kernel_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
-    env_name = f"{ENVIRONMENTS_PATH}/{kernel_name}"
-    # venv.create(env_name, system_site_packages=True, with_pip=True)
-    virtualenv.cli_run([env_name, "--system-site-packages"])
-
-    # Create kernel spec
-    kernel_spec = {
-        "argv": [
-            f"{env_name}/bin/python",
-            "-m",
-            "ipykernel_launcher",
-            "-f",
-            "{connection_file}",
-        ],
-        "display_name": "Python 3",
-        "language": "python",
-    }
-    kernel_spec_folder = os.path.join(KERNELS_SPECS_PATH, kernel_name)
-    kernel_spec_file = os.path.join(kernel_spec_folder, "kernel.json")
-
-    # Create kernel spec folder
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(kernel_spec_file)):
-        try:
-            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(kernel_spec_file))
-        except OSError as exc:  # Guard against race condition
-            if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                raise
-
-    with open(kernel_spec_file, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        json.dump(kernel_spec, f)
-
-    # Install kernel
-    kernel_spec_manager = KernelSpecManager()
-    kernel_spec_manager.install_kernel_spec(
-        source_dir=kernel_spec_folder, kernel_name=kernel_name
-    )
-
-    return kernel_name, env_name
-
-
-def execute_notebook(
-    notebook_file_path: str,
-    output_file_folder: str,
-    replacement_map: Dict[str, str],
-    should_log_output: bool,
-    should_use_new_kernel: bool,
-):
-    # Create staging directory if it doesn't exist
-    staging_file_path = f"{STAGING_FOLDER}/{notebook_file_path}"
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(staging_file_path)):
-        try:
-            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(staging_file_path))
-        except OSError as exc:  # Guard against race condition
-            if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                raise
-
-    file_name = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(notebook_file_path))
-
-    # Create environments folder
-    if not os.path.exists(ENVIRONMENTS_PATH):
-        try:
-            os.makedirs(ENVIRONMENTS_PATH)
-        except OSError as exc:  # Guard against race condition
-            if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                raise
-
-    # Create and install kernel
-    kernel_name = next(
-        iter(KernelSpecManager().find_kernel_specs().keys()), None
-    )  # Find first existing kernel and use as default
-    env_name = None
-    if should_use_new_kernel:
-        kernel_name, env_name = create_and_install_kernel()
-
-    # Read notebook
-    with open(notebook_file_path) as f:
-        nb = nbformat.read(f, as_version=4)
-
-    has_error = False
-
-    # Execute notebook
-    try:
-        # Create preprocessors
-        remove_no_execute_cells_preprocessor = RemoveNoExecuteCells()
-        update_variables_preprocessor = UpdateVariablesPreprocessor(
-            replacement_map=replacement_map
-        )
-
-        # Use no-execute preprocessor
-        (
-            nb,
-            resources,
-        ) = remove_no_execute_cells_preprocessor.preprocess(nb)
-
-        (nb, resources) = update_variables_preprocessor.preprocess(nb, resources)
-
-        # print(f"Staging modified notebook to: {staging_file_path}")
-        with open(staging_file_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            nbformat.write(nb, f)
-
-        # Execute notebook
-        pm.execute_notebook(
-            input_path=staging_file_path,
-            output_path=staging_file_path,
-            kernel_name=kernel_name,
-            progress_bar=should_log_output,
-            request_save_on_cell_execute=should_log_output,
-            log_output=should_log_output,
-            stdout_file=sys.stdout if should_log_output else None,
-            stderr_file=sys.stderr if should_log_output else None,
-        )
-    except Exception:
-        # print(f"Error executing the notebook: {notebook_file_path}.\n\n")
-        has_error = True
-
-        raise
-
-    finally:
-        # Clear env
-        if env_name is not None:
-            shutil.rmtree(path=env_name)
-
-        # Copy execute notebook
-        output_file_path = os.path.join(
-            output_file_folder, "failure" if has_error else "success", file_name
-        )
-
-        # Create directories if they don't exist
-        if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(output_file_path)):
-            try:
-                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_file_path))
-            except OSError as exc:  # Guard against race condition
-                if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
-                    raise
-
-        # print(f"Writing output to: {output_file_path}")
-        shutil.move(staging_file_path, output_file_path)
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 from typing import List
+from ratemate import RateLimit
 from resource_cleanup_manager import (
-    ResourceCleanupManager,
    DatasetResourceCleanupManager,
-    EndpointResourceCleanupManager,
    ModelResourceCleanupManager,
+    EndpointResourceCleanupManager,
+    ResourceCleanupManager,
 )

+rate_limit = RateLimit(max_count=25, per=60, greedy=False)
+

 def run_cleanup_managers(managers: List[ResourceCleanupManager], is_dry_run: bool):
    for manager in managers:
@@ -15,14 +18,18 @@ def run_cleanup_managers(managers: List[ResourceCleanupManager], is_dry_run: boo
        resources = manager.list()
        print(f"Found {len(resources)} {type_name}'s")
        for resource in resources:
-            if not manager.is_deletable(resource):
-                continue
+            try:
+                if not manager.is_deletable(resource):
+                    continue

-            if is_dry_run:
-                resource_name = manager.resource_name(resource)
-                print(f"Will delete '{type_name}': {resource_name}")
-            else:
-                manager.delete(resource)
+                if is_dry_run:
+                    resource_name = manager.resource_name(resource)
+                    print(f"Will delete '{type_name}': {resource_name}")
+                else:
+                    rate_limit.wait()  # wait before deleting
+                    manager.delete(resource)
+            except Exception as exception:
+                print(exception)

        print("")

@@ -36,7 +43,7 @@ if is_dry_run:
 managers = [
    DatasetResourceCleanupManager(),
    EndpointResourceCleanupManager(),
-    ModelResourceCleanupManager(),
+    ModelResourceCleanupManager(),  # ModelResourceCleanupManager must follow EndpointResourceCleanupManager due to deployed models blocking model deletion.
 ]

 run_cleanup_managers(managers=managers, is_dry_run=is_dry_run)
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import abc
+from typing import Any, Type
+
 from google.cloud import aiplatform
-from typing import Any
-from proto.datetime_helpers import DatetimeWithNanoseconds
 from google.cloud.aiplatform import base
+from proto.datetime_helpers import DatetimeWithNanoseconds

 # If a resource was updated within this number of seconds, do not delete.
 RESOURCE_UPDATE_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 8
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ class ResourceCleanupManager(abc.ABC):
        # Check that it wasn't created too recently, to prevent race conditions
        if time_difference <= RESOURCE_UPDATE_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS:
            print(
-                f"Skipping '{resource}' due update_time being '{time_difference}', which is less than '{RESOURCE_UPDATE_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS}'."
+                f"Skipping '{resource}' due to update_time being '{time_difference}', which is less than '{RESOURCE_UPDATE_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS}'."
            )
            return False

@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ class ResourceCleanupManager(abc.ABC):
 class VertexAIResourceCleanupManager(ResourceCleanupManager):
    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
-    def vertex_ai_resource(self) -> base.VertexAiResourceNounWithFutureManager:
+    def vertex_ai_resource(self) -> Type[base.VertexAiResourceNounWithFutureManager]:
        pass

    @property
@@ -60,7 +61,9 @@ class VertexAIResourceCleanupManager(ResourceCleanupManager):
    def list(self) -> Any:
        return self.vertex_ai_resource.list()

-    def resource_name(self, resource: Any) -> str:
+    def resource_name(
+        self, resource: Type[base.VertexAiResourceNounWithFutureManager]
+    ) -> str:
        return resource.display_name

    def delete(self, resource):
@@ -74,12 +77,33 @@ class VertexAIResourceCleanupManager(ResourceCleanupManager):

 class DatasetResourceCleanupManager(VertexAIResourceCleanupManager):
    vertex_ai_resource = aiplatform.datasets._Dataset
+    dataset_types = [
+        aiplatform.ImageDataset,
+        aiplatform.TabularDataset,
+        aiplatform.TextDataset,
+        aiplatform.TimeSeriesDataset,
+        aiplatform.VideoDataset,
+    ]
+
+    def list(self) -> Any:
+        return [
+            dataset
+            for dataset_type in self.dataset_types
+            for dataset in dataset_type.list()
+        ]


 class EndpointResourceCleanupManager(VertexAIResourceCleanupManager):
    vertex_ai_resource = aiplatform.Endpoint

    def delete(self, resource):
+        # TODO: Remove this once https://github.com/googleapis/python-aiplatform/issues/1441 is fixed
+        resource._sync_gca_resource()
+        for deployed_model_id in [
+            models.id for models in resource._gca_resource.deployed_models
+        ]:
+            resource._undeploy(deployed_model_id=deployed_model_id)
+
        resource.delete(force=True)


@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""A CLI to process changed notebooks and execute them on Google Cloud Build"""
+
+import argparse
+import pathlib
+
+import execute_changed_notebooks_helper
+
+
+def str2bool(v):
+    if isinstance(v, bool):
+        return v
+    if v.lower() in ("yes", "true", "t", "y", "1"):
+        return True
+    elif v.lower() in ("no", "false", "f", "n", "0"):
+        return False
+    else:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Boolean value expected.")
+
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run changed notebooks.")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--test_paths_file",
+    type=pathlib.Path,
+    help="The path to the file that has newline-limited folders of notebooks that should be tested.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--base_branch",
+    help="The base git branch to diff against to find changed files.",
+    required=False,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--container_uri",
+    type=str,
+    help="The container uri to run each notebook in.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--variable_project_id",
+    type=str,
+    help="The GCP project id. This is used to inject a variable value into the notebook before running.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--variable_region",
+    type=str,
+    help="The GCP region. This is used to inject a variable value into the notebook before running.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--staging_bucket",
+    type=str,
+    help="The GCP directory for staging temporary files.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--artifacts_bucket",
+    type=str,
+    help="The GCP directory for storing executed notebooks.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--timeout",
+    type=int,
+    help="Timeout in seconds",
+    default=86400,
+    required=False,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--private_pool_id",
+    type=str,
+    help="The private pool id.",
+    required=False,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--should_parallelize",
+    type=str2bool,
+    nargs="?",
+    const=True,
+    default=True,
+    help="Should run notebooks in parallel.",
+)
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+notebooks = execute_changed_notebooks_helper.get_changed_notebooks(
+    test_paths_file=args.test_paths_file,
+    base_branch=args.base_branch,
+)
+
+execute_changed_notebooks_helper.process_and_execute_notebooks(
+    notebooks=notebooks,
+    container_uri=args.container_uri,
+    staging_bucket=args.staging_bucket,
+    artifacts_bucket=args.artifacts_bucket,
+    variable_project_id=args.variable_project_id,
+    variable_region=args.variable_region,
+    private_pool_id=args.private_pool_id,
+    should_parallelize=args.should_parallelize,
+    timeout=args.timeout,
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import concurrent
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+import functools
+import git
+import operator
+import os
+import pathlib
+import re
+import subprocess
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+import execute_notebook_helper
+import execute_notebook_remote
+import nbformat
+from google.cloud.devtools.cloudbuild_v1.types import BuildOperationMetadata
+from ratemate import RateLimit
+from tabulate import tabulate
+from utils import NotebookProcessors, util
+
+# A buffer so that workers finish before the orchestrating job
+WORKER_TIMEOUT_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS: int = 60 * 60
+
+
+def format_timedelta(delta: datetime.timedelta) -> str:
+    """Formats a timedelta duration to [N days] %H:%M:%S format"""
+    seconds = int(delta.total_seconds())
+
+    secs_in_a_day = 86400
+    secs_in_a_hour = 3600
+    secs_in_a_min = 60
+
+    days, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_day)
+    hours, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_hour)
+    minutes, seconds = divmod(seconds, secs_in_a_min)
+
+    time_fmt = f"{hours:02d}:{minutes:02d}:{seconds:02d}"
+
+    if days > 0:
+        suffix = "s" if days > 1 else ""
+        return f"{days} day{suffix} {time_fmt}"
+
+    return time_fmt
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class NotebookExecutionResult:
+    name: str
+    duration: datetime.timedelta
+    is_pass: bool
+    log_url: str
+    output_uri: str
+    build_id: str
+    error_message: Optional[str]
+
+
+def _process_notebook(
+    notebook_path: str,
+    variable_project_id: str,
+    variable_region: str,
+):
+    # Read notebook
+    with open(notebook_path) as f:
+        nb = nbformat.read(f, as_version=4)
+
+    # Create preprocessors
+    remove_no_execute_cells_preprocessor = NotebookProcessors.RemoveNoExecuteCells()
+    update_variables_preprocessor = NotebookProcessors.UpdateVariablesPreprocessor(
+        replacement_map={
+            "PROJECT_ID": variable_project_id,
+            "REGION": variable_region,
+        },
+    )
+
+    # Use no-execute preprocessor
+    (
+        nb,
+        resources,
+    ) = remove_no_execute_cells_preprocessor.preprocess(nb)
+
+    (nb, resources) = update_variables_preprocessor.preprocess(nb, resources)
+
+    with open(notebook_path, mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as new_file:
+        nbformat.write(nb, new_file)
+
+
+def _create_tag(filepath: str) -> str:
+    tag = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(filepath))
+    tag = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_.-]+", "-", tag)
+
+    if tag.startswith(".") or tag.startswith("-"):
+        tag = tag[1:]
+
+    return tag
+
+
+rate_limit = RateLimit(max_count=50, per=60, greedy=True)
+
+
+def process_and_execute_notebook(
+    container_uri: str,
+    staging_bucket: str,
+    artifacts_bucket: str,
+    variable_project_id: str,
+    variable_region: str,
+    private_pool_id: Optional[str],
+    deadline: datetime,
+    notebook: str,
+    should_get_tail_logs: bool = False,
+) -> NotebookExecutionResult:
+    rate_limit.wait()  # wait before creating the task
+
+    print(f"Running notebook: {notebook}")
+
+    # Create paths
+    notebook_output_uri = "/".join([artifacts_bucket, pathlib.Path(notebook).name])
+
+    # Create tag from notebook
+    tag = _create_tag(filepath=notebook)
+
+    result = NotebookExecutionResult(
+        name=tag,
+        duration=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
+        is_pass=False,
+        output_uri=notebook_output_uri,
+        log_url="",
+        build_id="",
+        error_message=None,
+    )
+
+    # TODO: Handle cases where multiple notebooks have the same name
+    time_start = datetime.datetime.now()
+    operation = None
+    try:
+        # Pre-process notebook by substituting variable names
+        _process_notebook(
+            notebook_path=notebook,
+            variable_project_id=variable_project_id,
+            variable_region=variable_region,
+        )
+
+        # Upload the pre-processed code to a GCS bucket
+        code_archive_uri = util.archive_code_and_upload(staging_bucket=staging_bucket)
+
+        # Calculate timeout in seconds
+        timeout_in_seconds = max(
+            int((deadline - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()), 1
+        )
+
+        operation = execute_notebook_remote.execute_notebook_remote(
+            code_archive_uri=code_archive_uri,
+            notebook_uri=notebook,
+            notebook_output_uri=notebook_output_uri,
+            container_uri=container_uri,
+            tag=tag,
+            private_pool_id=private_pool_id,
+            private_pool_region=variable_region,
+            timeout_in_seconds=timeout_in_seconds,
+        )
+
+        operation_metadata = BuildOperationMetadata(mapping=operation.metadata)
+        result.build_id = operation_metadata.build.id
+        result.log_url = operation_metadata.build.log_url
+
+        # Block and wait for the result
+        operation_result = operation.result()
+
+        result.duration = datetime.datetime.now() - time_start
+        result.is_pass = True
+        print(f"{notebook} PASSED in {format_timedelta(result.duration)}.")
+    except Exception as error:
+        result.error_message = str(error)
+
+        if operation and should_get_tail_logs:
+            # Extract the logs
+            logs_bucket = operation_metadata.build.logs_bucket
+
+            # Download tail end of logs file
+            log_file_uri = f"{logs_bucket}/log-{result.build_id}.txt"
+
+            # Use gcloud to get tail
+            try:
+                result.error_message = subprocess.check_output(
+                    ["gsutil", "cat", "-r", "-1000", log_file_uri], encoding="UTF-8"
+                )
+            except Exception as error:
+                result.error_message = str(error)
+
+        result.duration = datetime.datetime.now() - time_start
+        result.is_pass = False
+
+        print(
+            f"{notebook} FAILED in {format_timedelta(result.duration)}: {result.error_message}"
+        )
+
+    return result
+
+
+def get_changed_notebooks(
+    test_paths_file: str,
+    base_branch: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> List[str]:
+    """
+    Get the notebooks that exist under the folders defined in the test_paths_file.
+    It only returns notebooks that have differences from the Git base_branch.
+    """
+
+    test_paths = []
+    with open(test_paths_file) as file:
+        lines = [line.strip() for line in file.readlines()]
+        lines = [line for line in lines if len(line) > 0]
+        test_paths = [line for line in lines]
+
+    if len(test_paths) == 0:
+        raise RuntimeError("No test folders found.")
+
+    print(f"Checking folders: {test_paths}")
+
+    # Find notebooks
+    notebooks = []
+
+    # Instantiate GitPython objects
+    repo = git.Repo(os.getcwd())
+    index = repo.index
+
+    if base_branch:
+        # Get the point at which this branch branches off from main
+        branching_commits = repo.merge_base("HEAD", f"origin/{base_branch}")
+
+        if len(branching_commits) > 0:
+            branching_commit = branching_commits[0]
+            print(f"Looking for notebooks that changed from branch: {branching_commit}")
+
+            notebooks = [
+                diff.b_path
+                for diff in index.diff(branching_commit, paths=test_paths)
+                if diff.b_path is not None
+            ]
+        else:
+            notebooks = []
+    else:
+        print(f"Looking for all notebooks.")
+        notebooks = subprocess.check_output(["git", "ls-files"] + test_paths)
+
+    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if notebook.endswith(".ipynb")]
+    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if len(notebook) > 0]
+    notebooks = [notebook for notebook in notebooks if pathlib.Path(notebook).exists()]
+
+    if len(notebooks) > 0:
+        print(f"Found {len(notebooks)} notebooks:")
+        for notebook in notebooks:
+            print(f"\t{notebook}")
+
+    return notebooks
+
+
+def process_and_execute_notebooks(
+    notebooks: List[str],
+    container_uri: str,
+    staging_bucket: str,
+    artifacts_bucket: str,
+    variable_project_id: str,
+    variable_region: str,
+    private_pool_id: Optional[str],
+    should_parallelize: bool,
+    timeout: int,
+):
+    """
+    Run the notebooks that exist under the folders defined in the test_paths_file.
+    It only runs notebooks that have differences from the Git base_branch.
+
+    The executed notebooks are saved in the artifacts_bucket.
+
+    Variables are also injected into the notebooks such as the variable_project_id and variable_region.
+
+    Args:
+        test_paths_file (str):
+            Required. The new-line delimited file to folders and files that need checking.
+            Folders are checked recursively.
+        base_branch (str):
+            Optional. If provided, only the files that have changed from the base_branch will be checked.
+            If not provided, all files will be checked.
+        staging_bucket (str):
+            Required. The GCS staging bucket to write source code to.
+        artifacts_bucket (str):
+            Required. The GCS staging bucket to write executed notebooks to.
+        variable_project_id (str):
+            Required. The value for PROJECT_ID to inject into notebooks.
+        variable_region (str):
+            Required. The value for REGION to inject into notebooks.
+        should_parallelize (bool):
+            Required. Should run notebooks in parallel using a thread pool as opposed to in sequence.
+        timeout (str):
+            Required. Timeout string according to https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/build-config-file-schema#timeout.
+    """
+
+    # Calculate deadline
+    deadline = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(
+        seconds=max(timeout - WORKER_TIMEOUT_BUFFER_IN_SECONDS, 0)
+    )
+
+    if len(notebooks) > 1:
+        notebook_execution_results: List[NotebookExecutionResult] = []
+
+        print(f"Found {len(notebooks)} modified notebooks: {notebooks}")
+
+        if should_parallelize and len(notebooks) > 1:
+            print(
+                "Running notebooks in parallel, so no logs will be displayed. Please wait..."
+            )
+            with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=100) as executor:
+                print(f"Max workers: {executor._max_workers}")
+
+                notebook_execution_results = list(
+                    executor.map(
+                        functools.partial(
+                            process_and_execute_notebook,
+                            container_uri,
+                            staging_bucket,
+                            artifacts_bucket,
+                            variable_project_id,
+                            variable_region,
+                            private_pool_id,
+                            deadline,
+                        ),
+                        notebooks,
+                    )
+                )
+        else:
+            notebook_execution_results = [
+                process_and_execute_notebook(
+                    container_uri=container_uri,
+                    staging_bucket=staging_bucket,
+                    artifacts_bucket=artifacts_bucket,
+                    variable_project_id=variable_project_id,
+                    variable_region=variable_region,
+                    private_pool_id=private_pool_id,
+                    deadline=deadline,
+                    notebook=notebook,
+                )
+                for notebook in notebooks
+            ]
+
+        print("\n=== RESULTS ===\n")
+
+        results_sorted = sorted(
+            notebook_execution_results,
+            key=lambda result: result.is_pass,
+            reverse=True,
+        )
+
+        # Print results
+        print(
+            tabulate(
+                [
+                    [
+                        result.name,
+                        "PASSED" if result.is_pass else "FAILED",
+                        format_timedelta(result.duration),
+                        result.log_url,
+                        result.output_uri,
+                    ]
+                    for result in results_sorted
+                ],
+                headers=["build_tag", "status", "duration", "log_url", "output_url"],
+            )
+        )
+
+        print("\n=== END RESULTS===\n")
+
+        total_notebook_duration = functools.reduce(
+            operator.add,
+            [datetime.timedelta(seconds=0)]
+            + [result.duration for result in results_sorted],
+        )
+
+        print(
+            f"Cumulative notebook duration: {format_timedelta(total_notebook_duration)}"
+        )
+
+        # Raise error if any notebooks failed
+        if not all([result.is_pass for result in results_sorted]):
+            raise RuntimeError("Notebook failures detected. See logs for details")
+
+    elif len(notebooks) == 1:
+        notebook = notebooks[0]
+
+        # Pre-process notebook by substituting variable names
+        _process_notebook(
+            notebook_path=notebook,
+            variable_project_id=variable_project_id,
+            variable_region=variable_region,
+        )
+
+        execute_notebook_helper.execute_notebook(
+            notebook_source=notebook,
+            output_file_or_uri="/".join(
+                [artifacts_bucket, pathlib.Path(notebook).name]
+            ),
+            should_log_output=True,
+        )
+    else:
+        print("No notebooks modified in this pull request.")
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""A CLI to download (optional) and run a single notebook locally"""
+
+import argparse
+
+import execute_notebook_helper
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run a single notebook locally.")
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--notebook_source",
+    type=str,
+    help="Local filepath or GCS URI to notebook.",
+    required=True,
+)
+parser.add_argument(
+    "--output_file_or_uri",
+    type=str,
+    help="Local file or GCS URI to save executed notebook to.",
+    required=True,
+)
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+execute_notebook_helper.execute_notebook(
+    notebook_source=args.notebook_source,
+    output_file_or_uri=args.output_file_or_uri,
+    should_log_output=True,
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Methods to run a notebook locally"""
+
+import errno
+import os
+import shutil
+import sys
+
+import papermill as pm
+from google.cloud.aiplatform import utils
+from utils import util
+
+# This script is used to execute a notebook and write out the output notebook.
+
+
+def execute_notebook(
+    notebook_source: str,
+    output_file_or_uri: str,
+    should_log_output: bool,
+):
+    """Execute a single notebook using Papermill"""
+    file_name = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(notebook_source))
+
+    # Download notebook if it's a GCS URI
+    if notebook_source.startswith("gs://"):
+        # Extract uri components
+        bucket_name, prefix = utils.extract_bucket_and_prefix_from_gcs_path(
+            notebook_source
+        )
+
+        # Download remote notebook to local file system
+        notebook_source = file_name
+        util.download_file(
+            bucket_name=bucket_name, blob_name=prefix, destination_file=notebook_source
+        )
+
+    execution_exception = None
+
+    # Execute notebook
+    try:
+        # Execute notebook
+        pm.execute_notebook(
+            input_path=notebook_source,
+            output_path=notebook_source,
+            progress_bar=should_log_output,
+            request_save_on_cell_execute=should_log_output,
+            log_output=should_log_output,
+            stdout_file=sys.stdout if should_log_output else None,
+            stderr_file=sys.stderr if should_log_output else None,
+        )
+    except Exception as exception:
+        execution_exception = exception
+    finally:
+        # Copy executed notebook
+        if output_file_or_uri.startswith("gs://"):
+            # Upload to GCS path
+            util.upload_file(notebook_source, remote_file_path=output_file_or_uri)
+
+            print("\n=== EXECUTION FINISHED ===\n")
+            print(
+                f"Please debug the executed notebook by downloading: {output_file_or_uri}"
+            )
+            print("\n======\n")
+        else:
+            # Create directories if they don't exist
+            if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(output_file_or_uri)):
+                try:
+                    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(output_file_or_uri))
+                except OSError as exc:  # Guard against race condition
+                    if exc.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                        raise
+
+            print(f"Writing output to: {output_file_or_uri}")
+            shutil.move(notebook_source, output_file_or_uri)
+
+        if execution_exception:
+            raise execution_exception
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Methods to run a notebook on Google Cloud Build"""
+
+from re import sub
+from typing import Optional
+
+import google.auth
+import yaml
+from google.api_core import client_options, operation
+from google.cloud.aiplatform import utils
+from google.cloud.devtools import cloudbuild_v1
+from google.cloud.devtools.cloudbuild_v1.types import Source, StorageSource
+from google.protobuf import duration_pb2
+from yaml.loader import FullLoader
+
+CLOUD_BUILD_FILEPATH = ".cloud-build/notebook-execution-test-cloudbuild-single.yaml"
+SERVICE_BASE_PATH = "cloudbuild.googleapis.com"
+
+
+def execute_notebook_remote(
+    code_archive_uri: str,
+    notebook_uri: str,
+    notebook_output_uri: str,
+    container_uri: str,
+    private_pool_id: Optional[str],
+    private_pool_region: Optional[str],
+    tag: Optional[str],
+    timeout_in_seconds: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> operation.Operation:
+    """Create and execute a single notebook on Google Cloud Build"""
+    # Load build steps from YAML
+
+    cloudbuild_config = yaml.load(open(CLOUD_BUILD_FILEPATH), Loader=FullLoader)
+
+    substitutions = {
+        "_PYTHON_IMAGE": container_uri,
+        "_NOTEBOOK_GCS_URI": notebook_uri,
+        "_NOTEBOOK_OUTPUT_GCS_URI": notebook_output_uri,
+    }
+
+    build = cloudbuild_v1.Build()
+
+    options: Optional[client_options.ClientOptions] = None
+    if private_pool_id and private_pool_region:
+        # substitutions["_PRIVATE_POOL_NAME"] = private_pool_id
+        build.options = cloudbuild_config.get("options")
+        build.options.pool = {"name": private_pool_id}
+
+        # Switch to the regional endpoint of the pool
+        options = client_options.ClientOptions(
+            api_endpoint=f"{private_pool_region}-{SERVICE_BASE_PATH}"
+        )
+
+    # Authorize the client with Google defaults
+    credentials, project_id = google.auth.default()
+
+    client = cloudbuild_v1.services.cloud_build.CloudBuildClient(client_options=options)
+
+    (
+        source_archived_file_gcs_bucket,
+        source_archived_file_gcs_object,
+    ) = utils.extract_bucket_and_prefix_from_gcs_path(code_archive_uri)
+
+    build.source = Source(
+        storage_source=StorageSource(
+            bucket=source_archived_file_gcs_bucket,
+            object_=source_archived_file_gcs_object,
+        )
+    )
+
+    build.steps = cloudbuild_config["steps"]
+    build.substitutions = substitutions
+    build.timeout = duration_pb2.Duration(seconds=timeout_in_seconds)
+    build.queue_ttl = duration_pb2.Duration(seconds=timeout_in_seconds)
+
+    if tag:
+        build.tags = [tag]
+
+    operation = client.create_build(project_id=project_id, build=build)
+    # Print the in-progress operation
+    # print("IN PROGRESS:")
+    # print(operation.metadata)
+
+    # Print the completed status
+    # print("RESULT:", result.status)
+    return operation
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+steps:
+  # Show the gcloud info and check if gcloud exists
+  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    args:
+    - -c
+    - 'gcloud config list'
+  # Check the Python version
+  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    args:
+    - -c
+    - 'python3 .cloud-build/CheckPythonVersion.py'
+  # Install Python dependencies
+  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    args:
+    - -c
+    - 'python3 -m pip install -U pip && python3 -m pip install -U --user -r .cloud-build/requirements.txt'
+  # Install Python dependencies and run testing script
+  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    args:
+    - -c
+    - 'python3 -m pip install -U pip && python3 -m pip freeze && python3 .cloud-build/execute_notebook_cli.py --notebook_source "${_NOTEBOOK_GCS_URI}" --output_file_or_uri "${_NOTEBOOK_OUTPUT_GCS_URI}"'
+    env:
+    - 'IS_TESTING=1'
+timeout: 86400s
@@ -11,34 +11,25 @@ steps:
    args:
    - -c
    - 'python3 .cloud-build/CheckPythonVersion.py'
-  # Fetch base branch if required
-  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
-    entrypoint: /bin/sh
-    args:
-    - -c
-    - 'if [ -n "${_BASE_BRANCH}" ]; then git fetch origin "${_BASE_BRANCH}":refs/remotes/origin/"${_BASE_BRANCH}"; else echo "Skipping fetch."; fi'
+  # Fetch full repo for diff purposes
+  - name: gcr.io/cloud-builders/git
+    args: [fetch, --unshallow]
  # Install Python dependencies
  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
-    entrypoint: pip
-    args: ['install', '--upgrade',  '--user', '--requirement', '.cloud-build/requirements.txt']
+    entrypoint: /bin/sh
+    args:
+    - -c
+    - 'python3 -m pip install -U pip && python3 -m pip install -U --user -r .cloud-build/requirements.txt'
  # Install Python dependencies and run testing script
+  # TODO: Only pass in private_pool_id if it is set
  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
    entrypoint: /bin/sh
    args:
    - -c
-    - 'python3 -m pip freeze && python3 .cloud-build/ExecuteChangedNotebooks.py --test_paths_file "${_TEST_PATHS_FILE}" --base_branch "${_FORCED_BASE_BRANCH}" --output_folder ${BUILD_ID} --variable_project_id ${PROJECT_ID} --variable_region ${_GCP_REGION}'
+    - 'python3 -m pip install -U pip && python3 -m pip freeze && python3 .cloud-build/execute_changed_notebooks_cli.py --test_paths_file "${_TEST_PATHS_FILE}" --base_branch "${_FORCED_BASE_BRANCH}" --container_uri ${_PYTHON_IMAGE} --staging_bucket ${_GCS_STAGING_BUCKET}  --artifacts_bucket ${_GCS_STAGING_BUCKET}/executed_notebooks/PR_${_PR_NUMBER}/BUILD_${BUILD_ID} --variable_project_id ${PROJECT_ID} --variable_region ${_GCP_REGION} `if [ ! -z "${_PRIVATE_POOL_NAME}" ]; then echo "--private_pool_id ${_PRIVATE_POOL_NAME}"; fi`'
    env:
    - 'IS_TESTING=1'
-  # Manually copy artifacts to GCS
-  - name: gcr.io/cloud-builders/gsutil
-    entrypoint: /bin/sh
-    args: 
-    - -c
-    - 'if [ $(ls -pR "/workspace/${BUILD_ID}"  | grep -v / | grep -v ^$ | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then gsutil -m -q rsync -r "/workspace/${BUILD_ID}" "gs://${_GCS_ARTIFACTS_BUCKET}/test-artifacts/PR_${_PR_NUMBER}/BUILD_${BUILD_ID}/"; else echo "No artifacts to copy."; fi'
-  # Fail if there is anything in the failure folder
-  - name: ${_PYTHON_IMAGE}
-    entrypoint: /bin/sh
-    args: 
-    - -c
-    - 'echo "Download executed notebooks with this command: \"mkdir -p artifacts && gsutil rsync -r gs://${_GCS_ARTIFACTS_BUCKET}/test-artifacts/PR_${_PR_NUMBER}/BUILD_${BUILD_ID} artifacts/\"" && if [ "$(ls -A /workspace/${BUILD_ID}/failure | wc -l)" -ne 0 ]; then exit 1; else exit 0; fi' 
 timeout: 86400s
+options:
+  pool:
+    name: ${_PRIVATE_POOL_NAME}
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-ipython>=7.0
-jupyter>=1.0
-nbconvert>=6.0
-papermill>=2.3
-numpy>=1.19
-pandas>=1.2
-matplotlib>=3.4
+ipython
+numpy
+jupyter
+nbconvert
+papermill
+pandas
+matplotlib
 tabulate
+google-cloud-aiplatform
+google-cloud-storage
+google-cloud-build
+ratemate
+GitPython
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+notebooks/official/vizier/gapic-vizier-multi-objective-optimization.ipynb
+notebooks/official/pipelines/lightweight_functions_component_io_kfp.ipynb
+notebooks/official/matching_engine/intro-swivel.ipynb
+notebooks/official/ml_metadata/sdk-metric-parameter-tracking-for-locally-trained-models.ipynb
+notebooks/official/pipelines/metrics_viz_run_compare_kfp.ipynb
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

-from nbconvert.preprocessors import Preprocessor
 from typing import Dict
-import UpdateNotebookVariables
+
+from nbconvert.preprocessors import Preprocessor
+
+from . import UpdateNotebookVariables as update_notebook_variables


 class RemoveNoExecuteCells(Preprocessor):
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ class UpdateVariablesPreprocessor(Preprocessor):
        # VARIABLE_NAME = '[description]'

        for variable_name, variable_value in replacement_map.items():
-            content = UpdateNotebookVariables.get_updated_value(
+            content = update_notebook_variables.get_updated_value(
                content=content,
                variable_name=variable_name,
                variable_value=variable_value,
@@ -60,4 +62,4 @@ class UpdateVariablesPreprocessor(Preprocessor):

            executable_cells.append(cell)
        notebook.cells = executable_cells
-        return notebook, resources
+        return notebook, resources
@@ -78,4 +78,4 @@ def test_region():
        variable_name="REGION",
        variable_value="us-central1",
    )
-    assert new_content == 'REGION = "us-central1"  # @param {type:"string"}'
+    assert new_content == 'REGION = "us-central1"  # @param {type:"string"}'
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import os
+import subprocess
+import tarfile
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from google.auth import credentials as auth_credentials
+from google.cloud import storage
+from google.cloud.aiplatform import utils
+
+
+def download_file(bucket_name: str, blob_name: str, destination_file: str) -> str:
+    """Copies a remote GCS file to a local path"""
+    remote_file_path = "".join(["gs://", "/".join([bucket_name, blob_name])])
+
+    subprocess.check_output(
+        ["gsutil", "cp", remote_file_path, destination_file], encoding="UTF-8"
+    )
+
+    return destination_file
+
+
+def upload_file(
+    local_file_path: str,
+    remote_file_path: str,
+) -> str:
+    """Copies a local file to a GCS path"""
+    subprocess.check_output(
+        ["gsutil", "cp", local_file_path, remote_file_path], encoding="UTF-8"
+    )
+
+    return remote_file_path
+
+
+def archive_code_and_upload(staging_bucket: str):
+    # Archive all source in current directory
+    unique_id = uuid.uuid4()
+    source_archived_file = f"source_archived_{unique_id}.tar.gz"
+
+    git_files = subprocess.check_output(
+        ["git", "ls-tree", "-r", "HEAD", "--name-only"], encoding="UTF-8"
+    ).split("\n")
+
+    with tarfile.open(source_archived_file, "w:gz") as tar:
+        for file in git_files:
+            if len(file) > 0 and os.path.exists(file):
+                tar.add(file)
+
+    # Upload archive to GCS bucket
+    source_archived_file_gcs = upload_file(
+        local_file_path=f"{source_archived_file}",
+        remote_file_path="/".join(
+            [staging_bucket, "code_archives", source_archived_file]
+        ),
+    )
+
+    print(f"Uploaded source code archive to {source_archived_file_gcs}")
+
+    return source_archived_file_gcs
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-If you are opening a PR for `Official Notebooks` under the [notebooks/official](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/notebooks/official) folder, follow this mandatory checklist:
- [ ] Use the [notebook template](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/master/notebooks/notebook_template.ipynb) as a starting point.
+If you are opening a PR for `Official Notebooks` under the [notebooks/official](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/notebooks/official) folder, follow this mandatory checklist:
+- [ ] Use the [notebook template](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/notebooks/notebook_template.ipynb) as a starting point.
 - [ ] Follow the style and grammar rules outlined in the above notebook template.
 - [ ] Verify the notebook runs successfully in Colab since the automated tests cannot guarantee this even when it passes.
- [ ] Passes all the required automated checks
+- [ ] Passes all the required automated checks. You can locally test for formatting and linting with these [instructions](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#code-quality-checks).
 - [ ] You have consulted with a tech writer to see if tech writer review is necessary. If so, the notebook has been reviewed by a tech writer, and they have approved it.
- [ ] This notebook has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/master/docs/CODEOWNERS) file under `# Official Notebooks` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
+- [ ] This notebook has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/notebooks/official/CODEOWNERS) file under the `Official Notebooks` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
 - [ ] The Jupyter notebook cleans up any artifacts it has created (datasets, ML models, endpoints, etc) so as not to eat up unnecessary resources.


-If you are opening a PR for `Community Notebooks` under the [notebooks/community](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/notebooks/community) folder:
- [ ] This notebook has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/master/docs/CODEOWNERS) file under the `# Community Notebooks` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
+If you are opening a PR for `Community Notebooks` under the [notebooks/community](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/notebooks/community) folder:
+- [ ] This notebook has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/notebooks/community/CODEOWNERS) file under the `Community Notebooks` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
+- [ ] Passes all the required formatting and linting checks. You can locally test with these [instructions](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#code-quality-checks).

-
-If you are opening a PR for `Community Content` under the [community-content](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/community-content) folder:
+If you are opening a PR for `Community Content` under the [community-content](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/community-content) folder:
 - [ ] Make sure your main `Content Directory Name` is descriptive, informative, and includes some of the key products and attributes of your content, so that it is differentiable from other content
- [ ] The main content directory has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/master/docs/CODEOWNERS) file under the `# Community Content` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
+- [ ] The main content directory has been added to the [CODEOWNERS](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/community-content/CODEOWNERS) file under the `Community Content` section, pointing to the author or the author's team.
+- [ ] Passes all the required formatting and linting checks. You can locally test with these [instructions](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#code-quality-checks).
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.x'      
    - name: Fetch pull request branch
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0      
-    - name: Fetch base master branch
-      run: git fetch -u "$GITHUB_SERVER_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" master:master
+    - name: Fetch base main branch
+      run: git fetch -u "$GITHUB_SERVER_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" main:main
    - name: Install requirements
      run: python3 -m pip install -U -r .github/workflows/linter/requirements.txt
    - name: Format and lint notebooks
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ git+https://github.com/tensorflow/docs
 ipython
 jupyter
 nbconvert
-black==20.8b1
-pyupgrade==2.7.3
-isort==5.6.4
-flake8==3.9.0
-nbqa==0.6.0
+black==22.3.0
+pyupgrade==2.34.0
+isort==5.10.1
+flake8==4.0.1
+nbqa==1.3.1
+
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.

-# This script automatically formats and lints all notebooks that have changed from the head of the master branch.
+# This script automatically formats and lints all notebooks that have changed from the head of the main branch.
 #
 # Options:
 # -t: Test-mode. Only test if format and linting are required but make no changes to files.
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ echo "Test mode: $is_test"
 notebooks=()
 while read -r file || [ -n "$line" ]; do
    notebooks+=("$file")
-done < <(git diff --name-only master... | grep '\.ipynb$')
+done < <(git diff --name-only main... | grep '\.ipynb$')

 problematic_notebooks=()
 if [ ${#notebooks[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
@@ -84,19 +84,19 @@ if [ ${#notebooks[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
                FLAKE8_RTN=$?
            else
                echo "Running black..."
-                python3 -m nbqa black "$notebook" --nbqa-mutate
+                python3 -m nbqa black "$notebook"
                BLACK_RTN=$?
                echo "Running pyupgrade..."
-                python3 -m nbqa pyupgrade "$notebook" --nbqa-mutate
+                python3 -m nbqa pyupgrade "$notebook"
                PYUPGRADE_RTN=$?
                echo "Running isort..."
-                python3 -m nbqa isort "$notebook" --nbqa-mutate
+                python3 -m nbqa isort "$notebook"
                ISORT_RTN=$?
                echo "Running nbfmt..."
                python3 -m tensorflow_docs.tools.nbfmt --remove_outputs "$notebook"
                NBFMT_RTN=$?
                echo "Running flake8..."
-                python3 -m nbqa flake8 "$notebook" --show-source --extend-ignore=W391,E501,F821,E402,F404,W503,E203,E722,W293,W291 --nbqa-mutate
+                python3 -m nbqa flake8 "$notebook" --show-source --extend-ignore=W391,E501,F821,E402,F404,W503,E203,E722,W293,W291
                FLAKE8_RTN=$?
            fi

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# See https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-code-owners
+# for more info about CODEOWNERS file.
+
+# These owners will be the default owners for everything in
+# the repo. Unless a later match takes precedence.
+*  @GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples-owners
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Contributor Code of Conduct
+
+As contributors and maintainers of this project,
+and in the interest of fostering an open and welcoming community,
+we pledge to respect all people who contribute through reporting issues,
+posting feature requests, updating documentation,
+submitting pull requests or patches, and other activities.
+
+We are committed to making participation in this project
+a harassment-free experience for everyone,
+regardless of level of experience, gender, gender identity and expression,
+sexual orientation, disability, personal appearance,
+body size, race, ethnicity, age, religion, or nationality.
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery
+* Personal attacks
+* Trolling or insulting/derogatory comments
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing other's private information,
+such as physical or electronic
+addresses, without explicit permission
+* Other unethical or unprofessional conduct.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
+that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct.
+By adopting this Code of Conduct,
+project maintainers commit themselves to fairly and consistently
+applying these principles to every aspect of managing this project.
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct
+may be permanently removed from the project team.
+
+This code of conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
+when an individual is representing the project or its community.
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior
+may be reported by opening an issue
+or contacting one or more of the project maintainers.
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant](http://contributor-covenant.org), version 1.2.0,
+available at [http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/2/0/](http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/2/0/)
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# How to Contribute
+
+We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are
+just a few small guidelines you need to follow.
+
+## Contributor License Agreement
+
+Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
+Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution;
+this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as
+part of the project. Head over to <https://cla.developers.google.com/> to see
+your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.
+
+You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one
+(even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
+again.
+
+## Code Quality Checks
+
+All notebooks in this project are checked for formatting and style, to ensure a
+consistent experience. To test notebooks prior to submitting a pull request,
+you can follow these steps.
+
+From a command-line terminal (e.g. from Vertex Workbench or locally), install
+the code analysis tools:
+
+```shell
+pip3 install --user -U nbqa black flake8 isort pyupgrade git+https://github.com/tensorflow/docs
+```
+
+You'll likely need to add the directory where these were installed to your PATH:
+
+```shell
+export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
+```
+
+Then, set an environment variable for your notebook (or directory):
+
+```shell
+export notebook="your-notebook.ipynb"
+```
+
+Finally, run this code block to check for errors. Each step will attempt to
+automatically fix any issues. If the fixes can't be performed automatically,
+then you will need to manually address them before submitting your PR.
+
+```shell
+nbqa black "$notebook"
+nbqa pyupgrade "$notebook"
+nbqa isort "$notebook"
+nbqa flake8 "$notebook" --extend-ignore=W391,E501,F821,E402,F404,W503,E203,E722,W293,W291
+python3 -m tensorflow_docs.tools.nbfmt --remove_outputs "$notebook"
+```
+
+## Code Reviews
+
+All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We
+use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult
+[GitHub Help](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more
+information on using pull requests.
+
+## Community Guidelines
+
+This project follows [Google's Open Source Community
+Guidelines](https://opensource.google/conduct/).
@@ -6,15 +6,32 @@ Welcome to the Google Cloud [Vertex AI](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/

 ## Overview

-The repository contains [Notebooks](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/notebooks) and [Community Content](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/community-content) that demonstrate how to develop and manage ML workflows using Google Cloud Vertex AI. 
+The repository contains [notebooks](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/notebooks) and [community content](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/master/community-content) that demonstrate how to develop and manage ML workflows using Google Cloud Vertex AI.
+
+## Repository structure
+
+```bash
+├── community-content - Sample code and tutorials contributed by the community
+├── notebooks
+│   ├── community - Notebooks contributed by the community
+│   ├── official - Notebooks demonstrating use of each Vertex AI service
+│   │   ├── automl
+│   │   ├── custom
+│   │   ├── ...
+```

 ## Contributing

-Contributions welcome! See the [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/docs/contributing.md).
+Contributions welcome! See the [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

 ## Getting help

 Please use the [issues page](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/issues) to provide feedback or submit a bug report.

 ## Disclaimer
+
 This is not an officially supported Google product. The code in this repository is for demonstrative purposes only.
+
+## Feedback
+
+Please feel free to fill out our [survey](https://bit.ly/vertex-ai-samples-survey) to give us feedback on the repo and its content.
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+To report a security issue, please use [g.co/vulnz](https://g.co/vulnz).
+
+The Google Security Team will respond within 5 working days of your report on g.co/vulnz.
+
+We use g.co/vulnz for our intake, and do coordination and disclosure here using GitHub Security Advisory to privately discuss and fix the issue.
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 *  @vertex-ai-samples-contributors  @GoogleCloudPlatform/cloudml-samples-owners
 /tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk	@yinghsienwu
+/pytorch_text_classification_using_vertex_sdk_and_gcloud  @RajeshThallam
 /pytorch_text_classification_using_vertex_sdk_and_gcloud		@RajeshThallam @ultrons
+/sklearn_text_classification_from_script_using_vertex_sdk       @maxhardt
+/pluto_on_workbench @wkharold
@@ -0,0 +1,824 @@
+{
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "pc5-mbsX9PZC"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# AlphaFold On Vertex AI Workbench\n",
+        "\n",
+        "[Vertex AI Workbench](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/workbench) offers an end-to-end notebook-based production environment that can be preconfigured with the runtime dependencies necessary to run AlphaFold on Vertex AI. With [User-Managed Notebooks](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/workbench/user-managed/introduction), you can configure a GPU accelerator to run AlphaFold using Tensorflow, without having to install and manage drivers or JupyterLab instances. This notebook allows you to easily predict the structure of a protein using a slightly simplified version of [AlphaFold v2.1.0](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2). \n",
+        "\n",
+        "## ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/main/community-content/alphafold_on_workbench/vertexai_40.png) [Launch this Notebook in Vertex AI Workbench](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/workbench/deploy-notebook?download_url=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/raw/main/community-content/alphafold_on_workbench/AlphaFold.ipynb)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "**Differences to AlphaFold v2.1.0**\n",
+        "\n",
+        "In comparison to AlphaFold v2.1.0, this notebook notebook uses **no templates (homologous structures)** and a selected portion of the [BFD database](https://bfd.mmseqs.com/). We have validated these changes on several thousand recent PDB structures. While accuracy will be near-identical to the full AlphaFold system on many targets, a small fraction have a large drop in accuracy due to the smaller MSA and lack of templates. For best reliability, we recommend instead using the [full open source AlphaFold](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold/), or the [AlphaFold Protein Structure Database](https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/).\n",
+        "\n",
+        "**This notebook has an small drop in average accuracy for multimers compared to local AlphaFold installation, for full multimer accuracy it is highly recommended to run [AlphaFold locally](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold#running-alphafold).** Moreover, the AlphaFold-Multimer requires searching for MSA for every unique sequence in the complex, hence it is substantially slower. If your notebook times-out due to slow multimer MSA search, we recommend running AlphaFold locally.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Please note that this notebook is provided as an early-access prototype and is not a finished product. It is provided for theoretical modelling only and caution should be exercised in its use. \n",
+        "\n",
+        "**Citing this work**\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Any publication that discloses findings arising from using this notebook should [cite](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold/#citing-this-work) the [AlphaFold paper](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2).\n",
+        "\n",
+        "**Licenses**\n",
+        "\n",
+        "This Colab uses the [AlphaFold model parameters](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold/#model-parameters-license) which are subject to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)) license. The Colab itself is provided under the [Apache 2.0 license](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0). See the full license statement below.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "**More information**\n",
+        "\n",
+        "You can find more information about how AlphaFold works in the following papers:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "*   [AlphaFold methods paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2)\n",
+        "*   [AlphaFold predictions of the human proteome paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03828-1)\n",
+        "*   [AlphaFold-Multimer paper](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463034v1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "FAQ on how to interpret AlphaFold predictions are [here](https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/faq)."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "b7a02613eb1a"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Download AlphaFold Data"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "collapsed": true,
+        "jupyter": {
+          "source_hidden": true
+        },
+        "cellView": "form",
+        "id": "woIxeCPygt7K"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import os\n",
+        "import subprocess\n",
+        "import sys\n",
+        "\n",
+        "import alphafold.common\n",
+        "import tqdm.notebook\n",
+        "from IPython.utils import io\n",
+        "\n",
+        "TQDM_BAR_FORMAT = (\n",
+        "    \"{l_bar}{bar}| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [elapsed: {elapsed} remaining: {remaining}]\"\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "SOURCE_URL = (\n",
+        "    \"https://storage.googleapis.com/alphafold/alphafold_params_colab_2022-01-19.tar\"\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "PARAMS_DIR = \"alphafold/data/params\"\n",
+        "PARAMS_PATH = os.path.join(PARAMS_DIR, os.path.basename(SOURCE_URL))\n",
+        "ALPHAFOLD_COMMON_DIR = os.path.dirname(alphafold.common.__file__)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "try:\n",
+        "    with tqdm.notebook.tqdm(total=100, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT) as pbar:\n",
+        "        with io.capture_output() as captured:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "            # Download and store stereo_chemical_props.txt\n",
+        "            !mkdir -p ~/content/alphafold/alphafold/common\n",
+        "            !mkdir -p /opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/alphafold/common/\n",
+        "            !wget -q -P ~/content/alphafold/alphafold/common https://git.scicore.unibas.ch/schwede/openstructure/-/raw/7102c63615b64735c4941278d92b554ec94415f8/modules/mol/alg/src/stereo_chemical_props.txt\n",
+        "            pbar.update(18)\n",
+        "            !cp -f ~/content/alphafold/alphafold/common/stereo_chemical_props.txt \"{ALPHAFOLD_COMMON_DIR}\"\n",
+        "\n",
+        "            # Download alphafold_params_colab_2021-10-27.tar\n",
+        "            !mkdir --parents \"{PARAMS_DIR}\"\n",
+        "            !wget -O \"{PARAMS_PATH}\" \"{SOURCE_URL}\"\n",
+        "            pbar.update(27)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "            # Un-tar alphafold_params_colab_2021-10-27.tar\n",
+        "            !tar --extract --verbose --file=\"{PARAMS_PATH}\" --directory=\"{PARAMS_DIR}\" --preserve-permissions\n",
+        "            # !rm \"{PARAMS_PATH}\"\n",
+        "            pbar.update(55)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "except subprocess.CalledProcessError:\n",
+        "    print(captured)\n",
+        "    raise"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d8926b7d5529"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Configure GPU Acceleration"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "collapsed": true,
+        "jupyter": {
+          "source_hidden": true
+        },
+        "cellView": "form",
+        "id": "VzJ5iMjTtoZw"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Confirm accelerator configuration\n",
+        "import jax\n",
+        "\n",
+        "if jax.local_devices()[0].platform == \"tpu\":\n",
+        "    raise RuntimeError(\n",
+        "        \"TPU runtime not supported. Please configure GPU acceleration on the VM.\"\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "elif jax.local_devices()[0].platform == \"cpu\":\n",
+        "    print(\n",
+        "        \"CPU-only runtime is not recommended, because prediction execution will be slow. For better performance, consider GPU acceleration on the VM.\"\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "else:\n",
+        "    print(f\"Running with {jax.local_devices()[0].device_kind} GPU\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Make sure all necessary environment variables are set.\n",
+        "import os\n",
+        "\n",
+        "os.environ[\"TF_FORCE_UNIFIED_MEMORY\"] = \"1\"\n",
+        "os.environ[\"XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_MEM_FRACTION\"] = \"2.0\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "W4JpOs6oA-QS"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Making a prediction\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Please paste the sequence of your protein in the text box below, then run the remaining cells via _Run_ > _Run Selected Cell and All Below_. You can also run the cells individually by pressing the _Play_ button on the left.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Note that the search against databases and the actual prediction can take some time, from minutes to hours, depending on the length of the protein and what type of GPU you allocate (see FAQ below).\n",
+        "\n",
+        "To start, enter the amino acid sequence(s) to fold ⬇️\n",
+        "\n",
+        "If you enter only a single sequence, the monomer model will be used. If you enter multiple sequences, the multimer model will be used."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "b310d44229d0"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Input sequences (type: str)\n",
+        "sequence_1 = \"MAAHKGAEHHHKAAEHHEQAAKHHHAAAEHHEKGEHEQAAHHADTAYAHHKHAEEHAAQAAKHDAEHHAPKPH\"\n",
+        "sequence_2 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_3 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_4 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_5 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_6 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_7 = \"\"\n",
+        "sequence_8 = \"\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "collapsed": true,
+        "jupyter": {
+          "source_hidden": true
+        },
+        "cellView": "form",
+        "id": "rowN0bVYLe9n"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "from alphafold.notebooks import notebook_utils\n",
+        "\n",
+        "input_sequences = (\n",
+        "    sequence_1,\n",
+        "    sequence_2,\n",
+        "    sequence_3,\n",
+        "    sequence_4,\n",
+        "    sequence_5,\n",
+        "    sequence_6,\n",
+        "    sequence_7,\n",
+        "    sequence_8,\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# If folding a complex target and all the input sequences are\n",
+        "# prokaryotic then set `is_prokaryotic` to `True`. Set to `False`\n",
+        "# otherwise or if the origin is unknown.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "is_prokaryote = False  # @param {type:\"boolean\"}\n",
+        "\n",
+        "MIN_SINGLE_SEQUENCE_LENGTH = 16\n",
+        "MAX_SINGLE_SEQUENCE_LENGTH = 2500\n",
+        "MAX_MULTIMER_LENGTH = 2500\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Validate the input.\n",
+        "sequences, model_type_to_use = notebook_utils.validate_input(\n",
+        "    input_sequences=input_sequences,\n",
+        "    min_length=MIN_SINGLE_SEQUENCE_LENGTH,\n",
+        "    max_length=MAX_SINGLE_SEQUENCE_LENGTH,\n",
+        "    max_multimer_length=MAX_MULTIMER_LENGTH,\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "db551d4877ea"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Search against genetic databases\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Once this cell has been executed, you will see statistics about the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) that will be used by AlphaFold. In particular, you’ll see how well each residue is covered by similar  sequences in the MSA."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "collapsed": true,
+        "jupyter": {
+          "source_hidden": true
+        },
+        "cellView": "form",
+        "id": "2tTeTTsLKPjB"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import collections\n",
+        "import copy\n",
+        "import random\n",
+        "from concurrent import futures\n",
+        "from urllib import request\n",
+        "\n",
+        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+        "import numpy as np\n",
+        "import py3Dmol\n",
+        "from alphafold.common import protein\n",
+        "from alphafold.data import (feature_processing, msa_pairing, pipeline,\n",
+        "                            pipeline_multimer)\n",
+        "from alphafold.data.tools import jackhmmer\n",
+        "from alphafold.model import config, data, model\n",
+        "from alphafold.relax import relax, utils\n",
+        "from IPython import display\n",
+        "from ipywidgets import GridspecLayout, Output\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Color bands for visualizing plddt\n",
+        "PLDDT_BANDS = [\n",
+        "    (0, 50, \"#FF7D45\"),\n",
+        "    (50, 70, \"#FFDB13\"),\n",
+        "    (70, 90, \"#65CBF3\"),\n",
+        "    (90, 100, \"#0053D6\"),\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# --- Find the closest source ---\n",
+        "test_url_pattern = (\n",
+        "    \"https://storage.googleapis.com/alphafold-colab{:s}/latest/uniref90_2021_03.fasta.1\"\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "ex = futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(3)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "def fetch(source):\n",
+        "    request.urlretrieve(test_url_pattern.format(source))\n",
+        "    return source\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "fs = [ex.submit(fetch, source) for source in [\"\", \"-europe\", \"-asia\"]]\n",
+        "source = None\n",
+        "for f in futures.as_completed(fs):\n",
+        "    source = f.result()\n",
+        "    ex.shutdown()\n",
+        "    break\n",
+        "\n",
+        "JACKHMMER_BINARY_PATH = \"/usr/bin/jackhmmer\"\n",
+        "DB_ROOT_PATH = f\"https://storage.googleapis.com/alphafold-colab{source}/latest/\"\n",
+        "# The z_value is the number of sequences in a database.\n",
+        "MSA_DATABASES = [\n",
+        "    {\n",
+        "        \"db_name\": \"uniref90\",\n",
+        "        \"db_path\": f\"{DB_ROOT_PATH}uniref90_2021_03.fasta\",\n",
+        "        \"num_streamed_chunks\": 59,\n",
+        "        \"z_value\": 135_301_051,\n",
+        "    },\n",
+        "    {\n",
+        "        \"db_name\": \"smallbfd\",\n",
+        "        \"db_path\": f\"{DB_ROOT_PATH}bfd-first_non_consensus_sequences.fasta\",\n",
+        "        \"num_streamed_chunks\": 17,\n",
+        "        \"z_value\": 65_984_053,\n",
+        "    },\n",
+        "    {\n",
+        "        \"db_name\": \"mgnify\",\n",
+        "        \"db_path\": f\"{DB_ROOT_PATH}mgy_clusters_2019_05.fasta\",\n",
+        "        \"num_streamed_chunks\": 71,\n",
+        "        \"z_value\": 304_820_129,\n",
+        "    },\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Search UniProt and construct the all_seq features only for heteromers, not homomers.\n",
+        "if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER and len(set(sequences)) > 1:\n",
+        "    MSA_DATABASES.extend(\n",
+        "        [\n",
+        "            # Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL are concatenated together as UniProt.\n",
+        "            {\n",
+        "                \"db_name\": \"uniprot\",\n",
+        "                \"db_path\": f\"{DB_ROOT_PATH}uniprot_2021_03.fasta\",\n",
+        "                \"num_streamed_chunks\": 98,\n",
+        "                \"z_value\": 219_174_961 + 565_254,\n",
+        "            },\n",
+        "        ]\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "TOTAL_JACKHMMER_CHUNKS = sum(cfg[\"num_streamed_chunks\"] for cfg in MSA_DATABASES)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "MAX_HITS = {\n",
+        "    \"uniref90\": 10_000,\n",
+        "    \"smallbfd\": 5_000,\n",
+        "    \"mgnify\": 501,\n",
+        "    \"uniprot\": 50_000,\n",
+        "}\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "def get_msa(fasta_path):\n",
+        "    \"\"\"Searches for MSA for the given sequence using chunked Jackhmmer search.\"\"\"\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Run the search against chunks of genetic databases.\n",
+        "    raw_msa_results = collections.defaultdict(list)\n",
+        "    with tqdm.notebook.tqdm(\n",
+        "        total=TOTAL_JACKHMMER_CHUNKS, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT\n",
+        "    ) as pbar:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        def jackhmmer_chunk_callback(i):\n",
+        "            pbar.update(n=1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        for db_config in MSA_DATABASES:\n",
+        "            db_name = db_config[\"db_name\"]\n",
+        "            pbar.set_description(f\"Searching {db_name}\")\n",
+        "            jackhmmer_runner = jackhmmer.Jackhmmer(\n",
+        "                binary_path=JACKHMMER_BINARY_PATH,\n",
+        "                database_path=db_config[\"db_path\"],\n",
+        "                get_tblout=True,\n",
+        "                num_streamed_chunks=db_config[\"num_streamed_chunks\"],\n",
+        "                streaming_callback=jackhmmer_chunk_callback,\n",
+        "                z_value=db_config[\"z_value\"],\n",
+        "            )\n",
+        "            # Group the results by database name.\n",
+        "            raw_msa_results[db_name].extend(jackhmmer_runner.query(fasta_path))\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    return raw_msa_results\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "features_for_chain = {}\n",
+        "raw_msa_results_for_sequence = {}\n",
+        "for sequence_index, sequence in enumerate(sequences, start=1):\n",
+        "    print(f\"\\nGetting MSA for sequence {sequence_index}\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    fasta_path = f\"target_{sequence_index}.fasta\"\n",
+        "    with open(fasta_path, \"wt\") as f:\n",
+        "        f.write(f\">query\\n{sequence}\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Don't do redundant work for multiple copies of the same chain in the multimer.\n",
+        "    if sequence not in raw_msa_results_for_sequence:\n",
+        "        raw_msa_results = get_msa(fasta_path=fasta_path)\n",
+        "        raw_msa_results_for_sequence[sequence] = raw_msa_results\n",
+        "    else:\n",
+        "        raw_msa_results = copy.deepcopy(raw_msa_results_for_sequence[sequence])\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Extract the MSAs from the Stockholm files.\n",
+        "    # NB: deduplication happens later in pipeline.make_msa_features.\n",
+        "    single_chain_msas = []\n",
+        "    uniprot_msa = None\n",
+        "    for db_name, db_results in raw_msa_results.items():\n",
+        "        merged_msa = notebook_utils.merge_chunked_msa(\n",
+        "            results=db_results, max_hits=MAX_HITS.get(db_name)\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "        if merged_msa.sequences and db_name != \"uniprot\":\n",
+        "            single_chain_msas.append(merged_msa)\n",
+        "            msa_size = len(set(merged_msa.sequences))\n",
+        "            print(\n",
+        "                f\"{msa_size} unique sequences found in {db_name} for sequence {sequence_index}\"\n",
+        "            )\n",
+        "        elif merged_msa.sequences and db_name == \"uniprot\":\n",
+        "            uniprot_msa = merged_msa\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    notebook_utils.show_msa_info(\n",
+        "        single_chain_msas=single_chain_msas, sequence_index=sequence_index\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Turn the raw data into model features.\n",
+        "    feature_dict = {}\n",
+        "    feature_dict.update(\n",
+        "        pipeline.make_sequence_features(\n",
+        "            sequence=sequence, description=\"query\", num_res=len(sequence)\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "    feature_dict.update(pipeline.make_msa_features(msas=single_chain_msas))\n",
+        "    # We don't use templates in AlphaFold notebook, add only empty placeholder features.\n",
+        "    feature_dict.update(\n",
+        "        notebook_utils.empty_placeholder_template_features(\n",
+        "            num_templates=0, num_res=len(sequence)\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Construct the all_seq features only for heteromers, not homomers.\n",
+        "    if (\n",
+        "        model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER\n",
+        "        and len(set(sequences)) > 1\n",
+        "    ):\n",
+        "        valid_feats = msa_pairing.MSA_FEATURES + (\n",
+        "            \"msa_uniprot_accession_identifiers\",\n",
+        "            \"msa_species_identifiers\",\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "        all_seq_features = {\n",
+        "            f\"{k}_all_seq\": v\n",
+        "            for k, v in pipeline.make_msa_features([uniprot_msa]).items()\n",
+        "            if k in valid_feats\n",
+        "        }\n",
+        "        feature_dict.update(all_seq_features)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    features_for_chain[protein.PDB_CHAIN_IDS[sequence_index - 1]] = feature_dict\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Do further feature post-processing depending on the model type.\n",
+        "if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MONOMER:\n",
+        "    np_example = features_for_chain[protein.PDB_CHAIN_IDS[0]]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "elif model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER:\n",
+        "    all_chain_features = {}\n",
+        "    for chain_id, chain_features in features_for_chain.items():\n",
+        "        all_chain_features[chain_id] = pipeline_multimer.convert_monomer_features(\n",
+        "            chain_features, chain_id\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    all_chain_features = pipeline_multimer.add_assembly_features(all_chain_features)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    np_example = feature_processing.pair_and_merge(\n",
+        "        all_chain_features=all_chain_features, is_prokaryote=is_prokaryote\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Pad MSA to avoid zero-sized extra_msa.\n",
+        "    np_example = pipeline_multimer.pad_msa(np_example, min_num_seq=512)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "9640643486bd"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Run AlphaFold\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Once this cell has been executed, a zip-archive \"prediction.zip\" with the obtained prediction will be saved on the VM, and available for download to your computer in the sidebar. In case you are having issues with the relaxation stage, you can disable it below. Warning: This means that the prediction might have distracting small stereochemical violations."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "collapsed": true,
+        "jupyter": {
+          "source_hidden": true
+        },
+        "cellView": "form",
+        "id": "XUo6foMQxwS2"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "run_relax = True\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# --- Run the model ---\n",
+        "if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MONOMER:\n",
+        "    model_names = config.MODEL_PRESETS[\"monomer\"] + (\"model_2_ptm\",)\n",
+        "elif model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER:\n",
+        "    model_names = config.MODEL_PRESETS[\"multimer\"]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "output_dir = \"prediction\"\n",
+        "os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "plddts = {}\n",
+        "ranking_confidences = {}\n",
+        "pae_outputs = {}\n",
+        "unrelaxed_proteins = {}\n",
+        "\n",
+        "with tqdm.notebook.tqdm(total=len(model_names) + 1, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT) as pbar:\n",
+        "    for model_name in model_names:\n",
+        "        pbar.set_description(f\"Running {model_name}\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        cfg = config.model_config(model_name)\n",
+        "        if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MONOMER:\n",
+        "            cfg.data.eval.num_ensemble = 1\n",
+        "        elif model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER:\n",
+        "            cfg.model.num_ensemble_eval = 1\n",
+        "        params = data.get_model_haiku_params(model_name, \"./alphafold/data\")\n",
+        "        model_runner = model.RunModel(cfg, params)\n",
+        "        processed_feature_dict = model_runner.process_features(\n",
+        "            np_example, random_seed=0\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "        prediction = model_runner.predict(\n",
+        "            processed_feature_dict, random_seed=random.randrange(sys.maxsize)\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        mean_plddt = prediction[\"plddt\"].mean()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MONOMER:\n",
+        "            if \"predicted_aligned_error\" in prediction:\n",
+        "                pae_outputs[model_name] = (\n",
+        "                    prediction[\"predicted_aligned_error\"],\n",
+        "                    prediction[\"max_predicted_aligned_error\"],\n",
+        "                )\n",
+        "            else:\n",
+        "                # Monomer models are sorted by mean pLDDT. Do not put monomer pTM models here as they\n",
+        "                # should never get selected.\n",
+        "                ranking_confidences[model_name] = prediction[\"ranking_confidence\"]\n",
+        "                plddts[model_name] = prediction[\"plddt\"]\n",
+        "        elif model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER:\n",
+        "            # Multimer models are sorted by pTM+ipTM.\n",
+        "            ranking_confidences[model_name] = prediction[\"ranking_confidence\"]\n",
+        "            plddts[model_name] = prediction[\"plddt\"]\n",
+        "            pae_outputs[model_name] = (\n",
+        "                prediction[\"predicted_aligned_error\"],\n",
+        "                prediction[\"max_predicted_aligned_error\"],\n",
+        "            )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        # Set the b-factors to the per-residue plddt.\n",
+        "        final_atom_mask = prediction[\"structure_module\"][\"final_atom_mask\"]\n",
+        "        b_factors = prediction[\"plddt\"][:, None] * final_atom_mask\n",
+        "        unrelaxed_protein = protein.from_prediction(\n",
+        "            processed_feature_dict,\n",
+        "            prediction,\n",
+        "            b_factors=b_factors,\n",
+        "            remove_leading_feature_dimension=(\n",
+        "                model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MONOMER\n",
+        "            ),\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "        unrelaxed_proteins[model_name] = unrelaxed_protein\n",
+        "\n",
+        "        # Delete unused outputs to save memory.\n",
+        "        del model_runner\n",
+        "        del params\n",
+        "        del prediction\n",
+        "        pbar.update(n=1)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # --- AMBER relax the best model ---\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Find the best model according to the mean pLDDT.\n",
+        "    best_model_name = max(\n",
+        "        ranking_confidences.keys(), key=lambda x: ranking_confidences[x]\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    if run_relax:\n",
+        "        pbar.set_description(\"AMBER relaxation\")\n",
+        "        amber_relaxer = relax.AmberRelaxation(\n",
+        "            max_iterations=0,\n",
+        "            tolerance=2.39,\n",
+        "            stiffness=10.0,\n",
+        "            exclude_residues=[],\n",
+        "            max_outer_iterations=3,\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "        relaxed_pdb, _, _ = amber_relaxer.process(\n",
+        "            prot=unrelaxed_proteins[best_model_name]\n",
+        "        )\n",
+        "    else:\n",
+        "        print(\"Warning: Running without the relaxation stage.\")\n",
+        "        relaxed_pdb = protein.to_pdb(unrelaxed_proteins[best_model_name])\n",
+        "    pbar.update(n=1)  # Finished AMBER relax.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Construct multiclass b-factors to indicate confidence bands\n",
+        "# 0=very low, 1=low, 2=confident, 3=very high\n",
+        "banded_b_factors = []\n",
+        "for plddt in plddts[best_model_name]:\n",
+        "    for idx, (min_val, max_val, _) in enumerate(PLDDT_BANDS):\n",
+        "        if plddt >= min_val and plddt <= max_val:\n",
+        "            banded_b_factors.append(idx)\n",
+        "            break\n",
+        "banded_b_factors = np.array(banded_b_factors)[:, None] * final_atom_mask\n",
+        "to_visualize_pdb = utils.overwrite_b_factors(relaxed_pdb, banded_b_factors)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Write out the prediction\n",
+        "pred_output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, \"selected_prediction.pdb\")\n",
+        "with open(pred_output_path, \"w\") as f:\n",
+        "    f.write(relaxed_pdb)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# --- Visualise the prediction & confidence ---\n",
+        "show_sidechains = True\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "def plot_plddt_legend():\n",
+        "    \"\"\"Plots the legend for pLDDT.\"\"\"\n",
+        "    thresh = [\n",
+        "        \"Very low (pLDDT < 50)\",\n",
+        "        \"Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)\",\n",
+        "        \"Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)\",\n",
+        "        \"Very high (pLDDT > 90)\",\n",
+        "    ]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    colors = [x[2] for x in PLDDT_BANDS]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    plt.figure(figsize=(2, 2))\n",
+        "    for c in colors:\n",
+        "        plt.bar(0, 0, color=c)\n",
+        "    plt.legend(thresh, frameon=False, loc=\"center\", fontsize=20)\n",
+        "    plt.xticks([])\n",
+        "    plt.yticks([])\n",
+        "    ax = plt.gca()\n",
+        "    ax.spines[\"right\"].set_visible(False)\n",
+        "    ax.spines[\"top\"].set_visible(False)\n",
+        "    ax.spines[\"left\"].set_visible(False)\n",
+        "    ax.spines[\"bottom\"].set_visible(False)\n",
+        "    plt.title(\"Model Confidence\", fontsize=20, pad=20)\n",
+        "    return plt\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Show the structure coloured by chain if the multimer model has been used.\n",
+        "if model_type_to_use == notebook_utils.ModelType.MULTIMER:\n",
+        "    multichain_view = py3Dmol.view(width=800, height=600)\n",
+        "    multichain_view.addModelsAsFrames(to_visualize_pdb)\n",
+        "    multichain_style = {\"cartoon\": {\"colorscheme\": \"chain\"}}\n",
+        "    multichain_view.setStyle({\"model\": -1}, multichain_style)\n",
+        "    multichain_view.zoomTo()\n",
+        "    multichain_view.show()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Color the structure by per-residue pLDDT\n",
+        "color_map = {i: bands[2] for i, bands in enumerate(PLDDT_BANDS)}\n",
+        "view = py3Dmol.view(width=800, height=600)\n",
+        "view.addModelsAsFrames(to_visualize_pdb)\n",
+        "style = {\"cartoon\": {\"colorscheme\": {\"prop\": \"b\", \"map\": color_map}}}\n",
+        "if show_sidechains:\n",
+        "    style[\"stick\"] = {}\n",
+        "view.setStyle({\"model\": -1}, style)\n",
+        "view.zoomTo()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "grid = GridspecLayout(1, 2)\n",
+        "out = Output()\n",
+        "with out:\n",
+        "    view.show()\n",
+        "grid[0, 0] = out\n",
+        "\n",
+        "out = Output()\n",
+        "with out:\n",
+        "    plot_plddt_legend().show()\n",
+        "grid[0, 1] = out\n",
+        "\n",
+        "display.display(grid)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Display pLDDT and predicted aligned error (if output by the model).\n",
+        "if pae_outputs:\n",
+        "    num_plots = 2\n",
+        "else:\n",
+        "    num_plots = 1\n",
+        "\n",
+        "plt.figure(figsize=[8 * num_plots, 6])\n",
+        "plt.subplot(1, num_plots, 1)\n",
+        "plt.plot(plddts[best_model_name])\n",
+        "plt.title(\"Predicted LDDT\")\n",
+        "plt.xlabel(\"Residue\")\n",
+        "plt.ylabel(\"pLDDT\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "if num_plots == 2:\n",
+        "    plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)\n",
+        "    pae, max_pae = list(pae_outputs.values())[0]\n",
+        "    plt.imshow(pae, vmin=0.0, vmax=max_pae, cmap=\"Greens_r\")\n",
+        "    plt.colorbar(fraction=0.046, pad=0.04)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    # Display lines at chain boundaries.\n",
+        "    best_unrelaxed_prot = unrelaxed_proteins[best_model_name]\n",
+        "    total_num_res = best_unrelaxed_prot.residue_index.shape[-1]\n",
+        "    chain_ids = best_unrelaxed_prot.chain_index\n",
+        "    for chain_boundary in np.nonzero(chain_ids[:-1] - chain_ids[1:]):\n",
+        "        if chain_boundary.size:\n",
+        "            plt.plot([0, total_num_res], [chain_boundary, chain_boundary], color=\"red\")\n",
+        "            plt.plot([chain_boundary, chain_boundary], [0, total_num_res], color=\"red\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    plt.title(\"Predicted Aligned Error\")\n",
+        "    plt.xlabel(\"Scored residue\")\n",
+        "    plt.ylabel(\"Aligned residue\")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Save the predicted aligned error (if it exists).\n",
+        "pae_output_path = os.path.join(output_dir, \"predicted_aligned_error.json\")\n",
+        "if pae_outputs:\n",
+        "    # Save predicted aligned error in the same format as the AF EMBL DB.\n",
+        "    pae_data = notebook_utils.get_pae_json(pae=pae, max_pae=max_pae.item())\n",
+        "    with open(pae_output_path, \"w\") as f:\n",
+        "        f.write(pae_data)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "!zip -q -r {output_dir}.zip {output_dir}"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "lUQAn5LYC5n4"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "### Interpreting the prediction\n",
+        "\n",
+        "In general predicted LDDT (pLDDT) is best used for intra-domain confidence, whereas Predicted Aligned Error (PAE) is best used for determining between domain or between chain confidence.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Please see the [AlphaFold methods paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2), the [AlphaFold predictions of the human proteome paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03828-1), and the [AlphaFold-Multimer paper](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463034v1) as well as [our FAQ](https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/faq) on how to interpret AlphaFold predictions."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "jeb2z8DIA4om"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## FAQ & Troubleshooting\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "*   How do I get a predicted protein structure for my protein?\n",
+        "    *   Connect the notebook to the Jupyter kernel \"Python 3 (ipykernel)\".\n",
+        "    *   Paste the amino acid sequence of your protein (without any headers) into the variable sequence_1 in \"Making a Prediction\".\n",
+        "    *   Run all cells in the notebook, either by running them individually or via \"Kernel\"/\"Restart Kernel and Run All Cells...\"\n",
+        "    *   The predicted protein structure will be downloaded once all cells have been executed. Note: This can take minutes to hours - see below.\n",
+        "*   How long will this take?\n",
+        "    *   The search against genetic databases can take minutes to hours.\n",
+        "    *   Running AlphaFold and generating the prediction can take minutes to hours, depending on the length of your protein and on which GPU-type your VM has access to.\n",
+        "*   My notebook no longer seems to be doing anything, what should I do?\n",
+        "    *   Some steps may take minutes to hours to complete.\n",
+        "    *   If nothing happens or if you receive an error message, try restarting your notebook runtime via \"Kernel\"/\"Restart Kernel and Run All Cells...\".\n",
+        "    *   If this doesn’t help, try resetting restarting your VM inside the GCloud Console (\"Compute Engine\"/\"VM Instances\").\n",
+        "*   How does this compare to the open-source version of AlphaFold?\n",
+        "    *   This notebook version of AlphaFold searches a selected portion of the BFD dataset and currently doesn’t use templates, so its accuracy is reduced in comparison to the full version of AlphaFold that is described in the [AlphaFold paper](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2) and [Github repo](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold/) (the full version is available via the inference script).\n",
+        "*   I received a warning “Notebook requires high RAM”, what do I do?\n",
+        "    *   In the \"Compute Engine\"/\"VM Instances\" Console menu, you can reconfigure the host VM settings. See [Changing the machine type of a VM instance](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance) for instructions.\n",
+        "*   Does this tool install anything on my computer?\n",
+        "    *   No, everything happens in the VM instance within your Google Cloud project.\n",
+        "*   How should I share feedback and bug reports?\n",
+        "    *   Please share any feedback and bug reports as an [issue](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/issues) on Github.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Related work\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Take a look at these Colab notebooks provided by the community (please note that these notebooks may vary from our validated AlphaFold system and we cannot guarantee their accuracy):\n",
+        "\n",
+        "*   The [ColabFold AlphaFold2 notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/sokrypton/ColabFold/blob/main/AlphaFold2.ipynb) by Sergey Ovchinnikov, Milot Mirdita and Martin Steinegger, which uses an API hosted at the Södinglab based on the MMseqs2 server ([Mirdita et al. 2019, Bioinformatics](https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/35/16/2856/5280135)) for the multiple sequence alignment creation.\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "YfPhvYgKC81B"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# License and Disclaimer\n",
+        "\n",
+        "This is not an officially-supported Google product.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "This notebook and other information provided is for theoretical modelling only, caution should be exercised in its use. It is provided ‘as-is’ without any warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied. Information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and does not constitute medical or other professional advice.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Copyright 2021 DeepMind Technologies Limited.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## AlphaFold Code License\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Model Parameters License\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The AlphaFold parameters are made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. You can find details at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Third-party software\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Use of the third-party software, libraries or code referred to in the [Acknowledgements section](https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold/#acknowledgements) in the AlphaFold README may be governed by separate terms and conditions or license provisions. Your use of the third-party software, libraries or code is subject to any such terms and you should check that you can comply with any applicable restrictions or terms and conditions before use.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Mirrored Databases\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The following databases have been mirrored by DeepMind, and are available with reference to the following:\n",
+        "* UniProt: v2021\\_03 (unmodified), by The UniProt Consortium, available under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).\n",
+        "* UniRef90: v2021\\_03 (unmodified), by The UniProt Consortium, available under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).\n",
+        "* MGnify: v2019\\_05 (unmodified), by Mitchell AL et al., available free of all copyright restrictions and made fully and freely available for both non-commercial and commercial use under [CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).\n",
+        "* BFD: (modified), by Steinegger M. and Söding J., modified by DeepMind, available under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See the Methods section of the [AlphaFold proteome paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03828-1) for details."
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "metadata": {
+    "accelerator": "GPU",
+    "colab": {
+      "collapsed_sections": [],
+      "name": "AlphaFold.ipynb",
+      "toc_visible": true
+    },
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "display_name": "Python 3",
+      "name": "python3"
+    }
+  },
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+ARG CUDA_MAJOR=11
+ARG CUDA_MINOR=0
+
+FROM gcr.io/deeplearning-platform-release/base-cu110
+
+ARG CUDA_MAJOR
+ARG CUDA_MINOR
+
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
+
+RUN apt-get update && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y \
+      build-essential \
+      cmake \
+      cuda-command-line-tools-${CUDA_MAJOR}-${CUDA_MINOR} \
+      git \
+      hmmer \
+      kalign \
+      tzdata \
+      wget \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Compile HHsuite from source.
+RUN git clone --branch v3.3.0 https://github.com/soedinglab/hh-suite.git /tmp/hh-suite \
+    && mkdir /tmp/hh-suite/build \
+    && pushd /tmp/hh-suite/build \
+    && cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/hhsuite .. \
+    && make -j 4 && make install \
+    && ln -s /opt/hhsuite/bin/* /usr/bin \
+    && popd \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/hh-suite
+
+ENV PATH="/opt/conda/bin:$PATH"
+RUN conda update -qy conda \
+    && conda install -y -c conda-forge \
+      openmm=7.5.1 \
+      cudatoolkit==${CUDA_VERSION} \
+      pdbfixer \
+      pip \
+      python=3.7
+
+COPY . /app/alphafold
+
+# Install pip packages.
+RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip \
+    && pip3 install -r /app/alphafold/requirements.txt \
+    && pip3 install py3Dmol tqdm \
+    && pip3 install --upgrade jax==0.2.14 jaxlib==0.1.69+cuda${CUDA_MAJOR}${CUDA_MINOR} -f \
+      https://storage.googleapis.com/jax-releases/jax_releases.html
+
+# Install alphafold.
+WORKDIR /app/alphafold
+RUN python setup.py install
+
+# Apply OpenMM patch.
+WORKDIR /opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages
+RUN patch -p0 < /app/alphafold/docker/openmm.patch
+
+# Creating a tmp location for jackhmmr; not mounting through to host though.
+RUN sudo mkdir -m 777 --parents /tmp/ramdisk
+
+# We need to run `ldconfig` first to ensure GPUs are visible, due to some quirk
+# with Debian. See https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker/issues/1399 for
+# details.
+# ENTRYPOINT does not support easily running multiple commands, so instead we
+# write a shell script to wrap them up.
+WORKDIR /home/jupyter
+RUN echo '#!/bin/bash\nldconfig\n\'
+
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+# Prod (Publicly viewable)
+PROJECT=cloud-devrel-public-resources
+REPOSITORY=alphafold
+LOCAL_IMAGE=alphafold-on-gcp
+REMOTE_IMAGE=${LOCAL_IMAGE?}
+TAG=latest
+REGISTRY="us-west1-docker.pkg.dev/${PROJECT?}/${REPOSITORY?}/${REMOTE_IMAGE?}:${TAG?}"
+
+git clone https://github.com/deepmind/alphafold.git
+
+cp Dockerfile alphafold/docker/Dockerfile
+cp AlphaFold.ipynb alphafold/notebooks/AlphaFold.ipynb
+
+cd alphafold && sudo docker build --tag ${LOCAL_IMAGE?}:${TAG?} -f docker/Dockerfile .
+
+sudo docker tag ${LOCAL_IMAGE?}:${TAG?} ${REGISTRY?}
+sudo docker push ${REGISTRY?}
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Overview
+*Pluto* is a programming environment for Julia, designed to be interactive and helpful. It provides a familiar notebook interface but it is not a Jupyter notebook. The biggest difference is that Pluto notebooks are reactive, changing a variable or function in one cell causes the cells that depend on that variable or function to be reevaluated. Pluto also provides useful interaction mechanisms that allow users to dynamically interact with the notebooks computation state.
+
+The JuliaCon 2020 presentation: [Interactive notebooks ~ Pluto.jl]() provides a good introduction to Pluto. The source is at [fonsp/Pluto.jl]()
+
+# Install Pluto
+
+## Create a Vertex AI JupyterLab Instance
+
+1. From the [GCP console](https://console.cloud.google.com) "hamburger menu"
+
+   select Vertex AI > Workbench
+2. Click NEW NOTEBOOK
+   
+   * Choose Python 3 if you won't be using a GPU
+   * Choose Python 3 (CUDA Toolkit xx.y) if you do want use a GPU
+3. Give the notebook an appropriate name
+4. Edit Notebook properties if you have special requirements otherwise accept the defaults and click CREATE
+5. When the notebook instance is ready click OPEN JUPYTERLAB
+
+## Configure JupyterLab
+
+1. Open a terminal by clicking the Terminal icon.
+1. Install the plutoserver
+pip3 install git+https://github.com/fonsp/pluto-on-jupyterlab.git
+1. In a browser go to [julialang.org/downloads](https://julialang.org/downloads/)
+1. In the Current stable release right click on the `Generic Linux on x86 / 64-bit (glibc)` link
+Select copy link address
+1. Back in the terminal switch to root via
+sudo -i
+1. Download the release to /opt and install julia in /usr/local/bin
+    ```bash
+    cd /opt
+    wget <paste the release link address>
+    tar xf <name of the downloaded tar file>
+    ln -s /opt/<julia-x.y.z>/bin/julia /usr/local/bin
+    ^d
+    ```
+1. Add the Pluto package to Julia
+   ```bash
+    julia
+    julia> ]add Pluto
+    julia> bksp
+    julia> using Pluto
+    julia> ^d
+    ```
+1. From the JupyterLab menu bar select File > Shut Down
+
+# Start Pluto
+1. Click OPEN JUPYTERLAB in the Workbench
+1. In the Notebook section of the Launcher click Pluto.jl
+1. The welcome to Pluto.jl screen should appear
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # PyTorch on Google Cloud: Text Classification

-In the PyTorch on Google Cloud series of blog posts, we aim to share how to build, train and deploy PyTorch models at scale and how to create reproducible machine learning pipelines on Google Cloud with [Vertex AI](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai).
+In the PyTorch on Google Cloud series of blog posts, we aim to share how to build, train, deploy and orchestrate PyTorch models at scale and how to create reproducible machine learning pipelines on Google Cloud with [Vertex AI](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai).

 This tutorial on text classification shows how to train a PyTorch based text classification model by fine tuning a pre-trained Huggingface Transformers model and deploy the model on [Vertex AI](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/start/client-libraries#python) using Vertex SDK and [`gcloud ai`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai).

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ This tutorial on text classification shows how to train a PyTorch based text cla
 | <h4>Notebook</h4> | <h4>Description</h4>                       |
 | :-------- | :------- |
 | [pytorch-text-classification-vertex-ai-train-tune-deploy.ipynb](./pytorch-text-classification-vertex-ai-train-tune-deploy.ipynb) | Notebook to show training, hyper-parameter tuning and deploying a PyTorch model on Vertex AI |
+| [pytorch-text-classification-vertex-ai-pipelines.ipynb](./pytorch-text-classification-vertex-ai-pipelines.ipynb) | Notebook to show orchestration of PyTorch ML workflows on Vertex AI Pipelines using Kubeflow Pipelines SDK |

 ## Folders

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@

 # Use pytorch GPU base image
-FROM gcr.io/cloud-aiplatform/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7
+# FROM gcr.io/cloud-aiplatform/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7
+FROM us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest

 # set working directory
 WORKDIR /app
@@ -22,15 +22,18 @@ PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config list --format 'value(core.project)')

 # BUCKET_NAME: Change to your bucket name.
 BUCKET_NAME="[your-bucket-name]" # <-- CHANGE TO YOUR BUCKET NAME
-BUCKET_NAME=cloud-ai-platform-2f444b6a-a742-444b-b91a-c7519f51bd77
+
+# validate bucket name
+if [ "${BUCKET_NAME}" = "[your-bucket-name]" ]
+then
+  echo "[ERROR] INVALID VALUE: Please update the variable BUCKET_NAME with valid Cloud Storage bucket name. Exiting the script..."
+  exit 1
+fi

 # JOB_NAME: the name of your job running on AI Platform.
-JOB_PREFIX="finetuned-bert-classifier-pytorch-cstm-cntr-"
+JOB_PREFIX="finetuned-bert-classifier-pytorch-cstm-cntr"
 JOB_NAME=${JOB_PREFIX}-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)-custom-job

-# This can be a GCS location to a zipped and uploaded package
-PACKAGE_PATH=./trainer
-
 # REGION: select a region from https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/general/locations#available_regions
 # or use the default '`us-central1`'. The region is where the job will be run.
 REGION="us-central1"
@@ -41,11 +44,8 @@ JOB_DIR=gs://${BUCKET_NAME}/${JOB_PREFIX}/models/${JOB_NAME}
 # IMAGE_REPO_NAME: set a local repo name to distinquish our image
 IMAGE_REPO_NAME=pytorch_gpu_train_finetuned-bert-classifier

-# IMAGE_TAG: an easily identifiable tag for your docker image
-IMAGE_TAG=latest
-
 # IMAGE_URI: the complete URI location for Cloud Container Registry
-CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/${IMAGE_REPO_NAME}:${IMAGE_TAG}
+CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI=gcr.io/${PROJECT_ID}/${IMAGE_REPO_NAME}

 # Build the docker image
 docker build --no-cache -f Dockerfile -t $CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI ../python_package
@@ -53,11 +53,19 @@ docker build --no-cache -f Dockerfile -t $CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI ../python_packa
 # Deploy the docker image to Cloud Container Registry
 docker push ${CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI}

+# worker pool spec
+worker_pool_spec="\
+replica-count=1,\
+machine-type=n1-standard-8,\
+accelerator-type=NVIDIA_TESLA_V100,\
+accelerator-count=1,\
+container-image-uri=${CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI}"
+
 # Submit Custom Job to Vertex AI
 gcloud beta ai custom-jobs create \
    --display-name=${JOB_NAME} \
    --region ${REGION} \
-    --worker-pool-spec=replica-count=1,machine-type='n1-standard-8',accelerator-type='NVIDIA_TESLA_V100',accelerator-count=1,container-image-uri=${CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI} \
+    --worker-pool-spec="${worker_pool_spec}" \
    --args="--model-name","finetuned-bert-classifier","--job-dir",$JOB_DIR

 echo "After the job is completed successfully, model files will be saved at $JOB_DIR/"
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@
 FROM pytorch/torchserve:latest-cpu

 # install dependencies
+RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
 RUN pip3 install transformers

+USER model-server
+
 # copy model artifacts, custom handler and other dependencies
-COPY ./custom_text_handler.py /home/model-server/
+COPY ./custom_handler.py /home/model-server/
 COPY ./index_to_name.json /home/model-server/
 COPY ./model/finetuned-bert-classifier/ /home/model-server/

@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ EXPOSE 7080
 EXPOSE 7081

 # create model archive file packaging model artifacts and dependencies
-RUN torch-model-archiver -f   --model-name=finetuned-bert-classifier   --version=1.0   --serialized-file=/home/model-server/pytorch_model.bin   --handler=/home/model-server/custom_text_handler.py   --extra-files "/home/model-server/config.json,/home/model-server/tokenizer.json,/home/model-server/training_args.bin,/home/model-server/tokenizer_config.json,/home/model-server/special_tokens_map.json,/home/model-server/vocab.txt,/home/model-server/index_to_name.json"   --export-path=/home/model-server/model-store
+RUN torch-model-archiver -f   --model-name=finetuned-bert-classifier   --version=1.0   --serialized-file=/home/model-server/pytorch_model.bin   --handler=/home/model-server/custom_handler.py   --extra-files "/home/model-server/config.json,/home/model-server/tokenizer.json,/home/model-server/training_args.bin,/home/model-server/tokenizer_config.json,/home/model-server/special_tokens_map.json,/home/model-server/vocab.txt,/home/model-server/index_to_name.json"   --export-path=/home/model-server/model-store

 # run Torchserve HTTP serve to respond to prediction requests
 CMD ["torchserve",      "--start",      "--ts-config=/home/model-server/config.properties",      "--models",      "finetuned-bert-classifier=finetuned-bert-classifier.mar",      "--model-store",      "/home/model-server/model-store"]
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+FROM pytorch/torchserve:latest-cpu
+
+USER root
+# run and update some basic packages software packages, including security libs
+RUN apt-get update &&     apt-get install -y software-properties-common &&     add-apt-repository -y ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test &&     apt-get update &&     apt-get install -y gcc-9 g++-9 apt-transport-https ca-certificates gnupg curl
+
+# Install gcloud tools for gsutil as well as debugging
+RUN echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" |     tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list &&     curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg |     apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add - &&     apt-get update -y &&     apt-get install google-cloud-sdk -y
+
+USER model-server
+
+# install dependencies
+RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
+RUN pip3 install transformers
+
+ARG MODEL_NAME=finetuned-bert-classifier
+ENV MODEL_NAME="${MODEL_NAME}"
+
+# health and prediction listener ports
+ARG AIP_HTTP_PORT=7080
+ENV AIP_HTTP_PORT="${AIP_HTTP_PORT}"
+
+ARG MODEL_MGMT_PORT=7081
+
+# expose health and prediction listener ports from the image
+EXPOSE "${AIP_HTTP_PORT}"
+EXPOSE "${MODEL_MGMT_PORT}"
+EXPOSE 8080 8081 8082 7070 7071
+
+# create torchserve configuration file
+USER root
+RUN echo "service_envelope=json\n"     "inference_address=http://0.0.0.0:${AIP_HTTP_PORT}\n"     "management_address=http://0.0.0.0:${MODEL_MGMT_PORT}" >>     /home/model-server/config.properties
+USER model-server
+
+# run Torchserve HTTP serve to respond to prediction requests
+CMD ["echo", "AIP_STORAGE_URI=${AIP_STORAGE_URI}", ";",     "gsutil", "cp", "-r", "${AIP_STORAGE_URI}/${MODEL_NAME}.mar", "/home/model-server/model-store/", ";",     "ls", "-ltr", "/home/model-server/model-store/", ";",     "torchserve", "--start", "--ts-config=/home/model-server/config.properties",     "--models", "${MODEL_NAME}=${MODEL_NAME}.mar",     "--model-store", "/home/model-server/model-store"]
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ class TransformersClassifierHandler(BaseHandler):
            with open(mapping_file_path) as f:
                self.mapping = json.load(f)
        else:
-            logger.warning('Missing the index_to_name.json file. Inference output will not include class name.')
+            logger.warning('Missing the index_to_name.json file. Inference output will default.')
+            self.mapping = {"0": "Negative",  "1": "Positive"}

        self.initialized = True

@@ -88,4 +89,3 @@ class TransformersClassifierHandler(BaseHandler):

    def postprocess(self, inference_output):
        return inference_output
-
@@ -19,13 +19,19 @@ echo "Submitting Custom Job to Vertex AI to train PyTorch model"

 # BUCKET_NAME: Change to your bucket name
 BUCKET_NAME="[your-bucket-name]" # <-- CHANGE TO YOUR BUCKET NAME
-BUCKET_NAME="cloud-ai-platform-2f444b6a-a742-444b-b91a-c7519f51bd77"
+
+# validate bucket name
+if [ "${BUCKET_NAME}" = "[your-bucket-name]" ]
+then
+  echo "[ERROR] INVALID VALUE: Please update the variable BUCKET_NAME with valid Cloud Storage bucket name. Exiting the script..."
+  exit 1
+fi

 # The PyTorch image provided by Vertex AI Training.
 IMAGE_URI="us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest"

 # JOB_NAME: the name of your job running on Vertex AI.
-JOB_PREFIX="finetuned-bert-classifier-pytorch-pkg-ar-"
+JOB_PREFIX="finetuned-bert-classifier-pytorch-pkg-ar"
 JOB_NAME=${JOB_PREFIX}-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)-custom-job

 # REGION: select a region from https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/general/locations#available_regions
@@ -35,19 +41,21 @@ REGION="us-central1"
 # JOB_DIR: Where to store prepared package and upload output model.
 JOB_DIR=gs://${BUCKET_NAME}/${JOB_PREFIX}/model/${JOB_NAME}

-# validate bucket name
-if [ "${BUCKET_NAME}" = "[your-bucket-name]" ]
-then
-  echo "[ERROR] INVALID VALUE: Please update the variable BUCKET_NAME with valid Cloud Storage bucket name. Exiting the script..."
-  exit 1
-fi
+# worker pool spec
+worker_pool_spec="\
+replica-count=1,\
+machine-type=n1-standard-8,\
+accelerator-type=NVIDIA_TESLA_V100,\
+accelerator-count=1,\
+executor-image-uri=${IMAGE_URI},\
+python-module=trainer.task,\
+local-package-path=../python_package/"

 # Submit Custom Job to Vertex AI
 gcloud beta ai custom-jobs create \
    --display-name=${JOB_NAME} \
    --region ${REGION} \
-    --python-package-uris=${PACKAGE_PATH} \
-    --worker-pool-spec=replica-count=1,machine-type='n1-standard-8',accelerator-type='NVIDIA_TESLA_V100',accelerator-count=1,executor-image-uri=${IMAGE_URI},python-module='trainer.task',local-package-path="../python_package/" \
+    --worker-pool-spec="${worker_pool_spec}" \
    --args="--model-name","finetuned-bert-classifier","--job-dir",$JOB_DIR

 echo "After the job is completed successfully, model files will be saved at $JOB_DIR/"
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ def run(args):
    # Train / Test the model
    trainer = train(args, text_classifier, train_dataset, test_dataset)

+    metrics = trainer.evaluate(eval_dataset=test_dataset)
+    trainer.save_metrics("all", metrics)
+
    # Export the trained model
    trainer.save_model(os.path.join("/tmp", args.model_name))

@@ -63,20 +63,20 @@
        "- [Training](#Training)\n",
        "    - [Run Training Locally in the Notebook](#Training-locally-in-the-notebook)\n",
        "    - [Run Training Job on Vertex AI](#Training-on-Vertex-AI)\n",
-        "        - [Training with pre-built container](#Run-Custom-Job-on-Vertex-Training-with-a-pre-built-container)\n",
-        "        - [Training with custom container](#Run-Custom-Job-on-Vertex-Training-with-custom-container)\n",
+        "        - [Training with pre-built container](#Run-Custom-Job-on-Vertex-AI-Training-with-a-pre-built-container)\n",
+        "        - [Training with custom container](#Run-Custom-Job-on-Vertex-AI-Training-with-custom-container)\n",
        "- [Tuning](#Hyperparameter-Tuning) \n",
        "    - [Run Hyperparameter Tuning job on Vertex AI](#Run-Hyperparameter-Tuning-Job-on-Vertex-AI)\n",
        "- [Deploying](#Deploying)\n",
-        "    - [Deploying model on Vertex Predictions with custom container](#Deploying-model-on-Vertex-Predictions-with-custom-container)\n",
+        "    - [Deploying model on Vertex AI Predictions with custom container](#Deploying-model-on-Vertex AI-Predictions-with-custom-container)\n",
        "\n",
        "### Costs \n",
        "\n",
        "This tutorial uses billable components of Google Cloud Platform (GCP):\n",
        "\n",
-        "* [Notebooks](https://cloud.google.com/notebooks)\n",
-        "* [Vertex Training](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/custom-training)\n",
-        "* [Vertex Predictions](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/getting-predictions)\n",
+        "* [Vertex AI Workbench](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai-workbench)\n",
+        "* [Vertex AI Training](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/custom-training)\n",
+        "* [Vertex AI Predictions](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/getting-predictions)\n",
        "* [Cloud Storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage)\n",
        "* [Container Registry](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry)\n",
        "* [Cloud Build](https://cloud.google.com/build) *[Optional]*\n",
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@
        "id": "e0c1dcadc2c8"
      },
      "source": [
-        "We will be using [Vertex SDK for Python](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/start/client-libraries#python) to interact with Vertex AI services. The high-level `aiplatform` library is designed to simplify common data science workflows by using wrapper classes and opinionated defaults. \n",
+        "We will be using [Vertex AI SDK for Python](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/start/client-libraries#python) to interact with Vertex AI services. The high-level `aiplatform` library is designed to simplify common data science workflows by using wrapper classes and opinionated defaults. \n",
        "\n",
-        "#### Install Vertex SDK for Python"
+        "#### Install Vertex AI SDK for Python"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1199,7 +1199,7 @@
      "source": [
        "### Run predictions locally with sample examples\n",
        "\n",
-        "Using the trained model, we can predict the sentiment label for an input text after applying the preprocessing function that was used during the training. We will run the predictions locally in the notebook and later show how you can deploy the model to an endpoint using [TorchServe](https://pytorch.org/serve/) on Vertex Predictions."
+        "Using the trained model, we can predict the sentiment label for an input text after applying the preprocessing function that was used during the training. We will run the predictions locally in the notebook and later show how you can deploy the model to an endpoint using [TorchServe](https://pytorch.org/serve/) on Vertex AI Predictions."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@
        "id": "f7466d414a0e"
      },
      "source": [
-        "### Run Custom Job on Vertex Training with a pre-built container"
+        "### Run Custom Job on Vertex AI Training with a pre-built container"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1395,7 +1395,7 @@
        "\n",
        "In this notebook, we are using Hugging Face Datasets and fine tuning a transformer model from Hugging Face Transformers Library for sentiment analysis task using PyTorch. We will use [pre-built container for PyTorch](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/pre-built-containers#pytorch) and package the training application code by adding standard Python dependencies - `transformers`, `datasets` and `tqdm` - in the `setup.py` file. \n",
        "\n",
-        "![Training with Prebuilt Containers on Vertex Training](./images/training-with-prebuilt-containers-on-vertex-training.png)"
+        "![Training with Prebuilt Containers on Vertex AI Training](./images/training-with-prebuilt-containers-on-vertex-training.png)"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1569,7 +1569,7 @@
      "source": [
        "#### **Run custom training job on Vertex AI**\n",
        "\n",
-        "We use [Vertex SDK for Python](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/start/client-libraries#client_libraries) to create and submit training job to the Vertex training service."
+        "We use [Vertex AI SDK for Python](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/start/client-libraries#client_libraries) to create and submit training job to the Vertex AI training service."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@
        "id": "5d2957ef04fd"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Initialize the Vertex SDK for Python**"
+        "##### **Initialize the Vertex AI SDK for Python**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@
        "id": "6b0fed34b728"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Configure and submit Custom Job to Vertex Training service**"
+        "##### **Configure and submit Custom Job to Vertex AI Training service**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@
      "source": [
        "Configure a [Custom Job](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-job) with the [pre-built container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/pre-built-containers) image for PyTorch and training code packaged as Python source distribution. \n",
        "\n",
-        "**NOTE:** When using Vertex SDK for Python for submitting a training job, it creates a [Training Pipeline](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-training-pipeline) which launches the Custom Job on Vertex Training service."
+        "**NOTE:** When using Vertex AI SDK for Python for submitting a training job, it creates a [Training Pipeline](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-training-pipeline) which launches the Custom Job on Vertex AI Training service."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@
        "\n",
        "You can monitor the custom job launched from Cloud Console following the link [here](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/training/training-pipelines/) or use gcloud CLI command [`gcloud beta ai custom-jobs stream-logs`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai/custom-jobs/stream-logs)\n",
        "\n",
-        "![Monitor custom job progress in Vertex Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-custom-job.png)"
+        "![Monitor custom job progress in Vertex AI Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-custom-job.png)"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@
        "id": "c170d386492b"
      },
      "source": [
-        "### Run Custom Job on Vertex Training with custom container"
+        "### Run Custom Job on Vertex AI Training with custom container"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@
        "id": "035227b6e581"
      },
      "source": [
-        "To create a [training job with custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-container?hl=hr), you define a `Dockerfile` to install or add the dependencies required for the training job. Then, you build and test your Docker image locally to verify, push the image to Container Registry and submit a Custom Job to Vertex Training service.\n",
+        "To create a [training job with custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-container?hl=hr), you define a `Dockerfile` to install or add the dependencies required for the training job. Then, you build and test your Docker image locally to verify, push the image to Container Registry and submit a Custom Job to Vertex AI Training service.\n",
        "\n",
        "![Training with custom containers on Vertex AI](./images/training-with-custom-containers-on-vertex-training.png)"
      ]
@@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@
        "%%writefile ./custom_container/Dockerfile\n",
        "\n",
        "# Use pytorch GPU base image\n",
-        "FROM gcr.io/cloud-aiplatform/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7\n",
+        "FROM us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest\n",
        "\n",
        "# set working directory\n",
        "WORKDIR /app\n",
@@ -1968,7 +1968,7 @@
        "id": "a23e5e34bea9"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Initialize the Vertex SDK for Python**"
+        "##### **Initialize the Vertex AI SDK for Python**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1988,11 +1988,11 @@
        "id": "abf1fa4085cb"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Configure and submit Custom Job to Vertex Training service**\n",
+        "##### **Configure and submit Custom Job to Vertex AI Training service**\n",
        "\n",
        "Configure a [Custom Job](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-job) with the [custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-container) image with training code and other dependencies\n",
        "\n",
-        "**NOTE:** When using Vertex SDK for Python for submitting a training job, it creates a [Training Pipeline](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-training-pipeline) which launches the Custom Job to train on Vertex Training."
+        "**NOTE:** When using Vertex AI SDK for Python for submitting a training job, it creates a [Training Pipeline](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-training-pipeline) which launches the Custom Job to train on Vertex AI Training."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2044,7 +2044,7 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "# submit the custom job to Vertex training service\n",
+        "# submit the custom job to Vertex AI training service\n",
        "model = job.run(\n",
        "    replica_count=1,\n",
        "    machine_type=\"n1-standard-8\",\n",
@@ -2065,7 +2065,7 @@
        "\n",
        "You can monitor the custom job launched from Cloud Console following the link [here](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/training/training-pipelines/) or use gcloud CLI command [`gcloud beta ai custom-jobs stream-logs`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai/custom-jobs/stream-logs)\n",
        "\n",
-        "![Monitor custom job progress in Vertex Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-custom-job-container.png)"
+        "![Monitor custom job progress in Vertex AI Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-custom-job-container.png)"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2148,11 +2148,11 @@
        "id": "ba6122f929e3"
      },
      "source": [
-        "The training application code for fine-tuning a transformer model for sentiment analysis task uses hyperparameters such as learning rate and weight decay. These hyperparameters control the behavior of the training algorithm and can have a significant effect on the performance of the resulting model. This part of the notebook show how you can automate tuning these hyperparameters with Vertex Training service.\n",
+        "The training application code for fine-tuning a transformer model for sentiment analysis task uses hyperparameters such as learning rate and weight decay. These hyperparameters control the behavior of the training algorithm and can have a significant effect on the performance of the resulting model. This part of the notebook show how you can automate tuning these hyperparameters with Vertex AI Training service.\n",
        "\n",
-        "We submit a [Hyperparameter Tuning job](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/hyperparameter-tuning-overview) to Vertex Training service by packaging the training application code and dependencies in a Docker container and push the container to Google Container Registry, similar to running a Custom Job on Vertex AI with Custom Container.\n",
+        "We submit a [Hyperparameter Tuning job](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/hyperparameter-tuning-overview) to Vertex AI Training service by packaging the training application code and dependencies in a Docker container and push the container to Google Container Registry, similar to running a Custom Job on Vertex AI with Custom Container.\n",
        "\n",
-        "![Hyperparameter Tuning with Custom Containers on Vertex Training](./images/hp-tuning-with-custom-containers-on-vertex-training.png)"
+        "![Hyperparameter Tuning with Custom Containers on Vertex AI Training](./images/hp-tuning-with-custom-containers-on-vertex-training.png)"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@
      "source": [
        "### How hyperparameter tuning works in Vertex AI?\n",
        "\n",
-        "Following are the high level steps involved in running a Hyperparameter Tuning job on Vertex Training service:\n",
+        "Following are the high level steps involved in running a Hyperparameter Tuning job on Vertex AI Training service:\n",
        "\n",
        "- You define the hyperparameters to tune the model along with the metric (or goal) to optimize\n",
        "- Vertex AI runs multiple trials of your training application with the hyperparameters and limits you specified - maximum number of trials to run and number of parallel trials. \n",
@@ -2297,7 +2297,7 @@
      "source": [
        "### Run Hyperparameter Tuning Job on Vertex AI\n",
        "\n",
-        "Before submitting the hyperparameter tuning job to Vertex AI, push the custom container image with training application to Google Cloud Container Registry and then submit the job to Vertex AI. We will be using the same image used for running Custom Job on Vertex Training service."
+        "Before submitting the hyperparameter tuning job to Vertex AI, push the custom container image with training application to Google Cloud Container Registry and then submit the job to Vertex AI. We will be using the same image used for running Custom Job on Vertex AI Training service."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@
        "id": "f60fab07d67c"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Initialize the Vertex SDK for Python**"
+        "##### **Initialize the Vertex AI SDK for Python**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@
        "id": "6652aa63ddff"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Configure and submit Hyperparameter Tuning Job to Vertex Training service**\n",
+        "##### **Configure and submit Hyperparameter Tuning Job to Vertex AI Training service**\n",
        "\n",
        "Configure a [Hyperparameter Tuning Job](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/using-hyperparameter-tuning) with the [custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/training/create-custom-container) image with training code and other dependencies.\n",
        "\n",
@@ -2374,7 +2374,7 @@
        "id": "9d46db3a8b23"
      },
      "source": [
-        "Define the training arguments with `hp-tune` argument set to `y` so that training application code can report metrics to Vertex"
+        "Define the training arguments with `hp-tune` argument set to `y` so that training application code can report metrics to Vertex AI"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2548,7 +2548,7 @@
        "\n",
        "You can monitor the hyperparameter tuning job launched from Cloud Console following the link [here](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/training/hyperparameter-tuning-jobs/) or use gcloud CLI command [`gcloud beta ai custom-jobs stream-logs`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai/custom-jobs/stream-logs)\n",
        "\n",
-        "![Monitor hyperparameter tuning job progress in Vertex Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-hptuning-job-container.png)"
+        "![Monitor hyperparameter tuning job progress in Vertex AI Training](./images/vertex-training-monitor-hptuning-job-container.png)"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2557,7 +2557,7 @@
        "id": "ba934b434f03"
      },
      "source": [
-        "After the job is finished, you can view and format the results of the hyperparameter tuning Trials (run by Vertex Training service) as a Pandas dataframe"
+        "After the job is finished, you can view and format the results of the hyperparameter tuning Trials (run by Vertex AI Training service) as a Pandas dataframe"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2612,7 +2612,7 @@
        "id": "5dbccb2b7d32"
      },
      "source": [
-        "Now from the results of Trials, you can pick the best performing Trial to deploy to Vertex Predictions"
+        "Now from the results of Trials, you can pick the best performing Trial to deploy to Vertex AI Predictions"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2701,8 +2701,8 @@
        "JOB_NAME=${JOB_PREFIX}-pytorch-hptune-$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)\n",
        "echo \"Launching hyperparameter tuning job with display name as \"$JOB_NAME\n",
        "\n",
-        "# BUCKET_NAME: Change to your bucket name\n",
-        "BUCKET_NAME=$1 # <-- CHANGE TO YOUR BUCKET NAME\n",
+        "# BUCKET_NAME is a required parameter to run the cell.\n",
+        "BUCKET_NAME=$1\n",
        "\n",
        "# APP_NAME: get application name\n",
        "APP_NAME=$2\n",
@@ -2711,7 +2711,7 @@
        "JOB_DIR=${BUCKET_NAME}/${JOB_PREFIX}/model/${JOB_NAME}\n",
        "\n",
        "# custom container image URI\n",
-        "CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI=f'gcr.io/'${PROJECT_ID}'/pytorch_gpu_train_'${APP_NAME}\n",
+        "CUSTOM_TRAIN_IMAGE_URI='gcr.io/'${PROJECT_ID}'/pytorch_gpu_train_'${APP_NAME}\n",
        "\n",
        "# ========================================================\n",
        "# create hyperparameter tuning configuration file\n",
@@ -2772,20 +2772,20 @@
      "source": [
        "## Deploying\n",
        "\n",
-        "Deploying a PyTorch model on [Vertex Predictions](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/getting-predictions) requires to use a custom container that serves online predictions. You will deploy a container running [PyTorch's TorchServe](https://pytorch.org/serve/) tool in order to serve predictions from a fine-tuned transformer model from Hugging Face Transformers for sentiment analysis task. You can then use Vertex Predictions to classify sentiment of input texts. \n",
+        "Deploying a PyTorch model on [Vertex AI Predictions](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/getting-predictions) requires to use a custom container that serves online predictions. You will deploy a container running [PyTorch's TorchServe](https://pytorch.org/serve/) tool in order to serve predictions from a fine-tuned transformer model from Hugging Face Transformers for sentiment analysis task. You can then use Vertex AI Predictions to classify sentiment of input texts. \n",
        "\n",
-        "### Deploying model on Vertex Predictions with custom container\n",
+        "### Deploying model on Vertex AI Predictions with custom container\n",
        "\n",
-        "To use a custom container to serve predictions from a PyTorch model, you must provide Vertex AI with a Docker container image that runs an HTTP server, such as TorchServe in this case. Please refer to [documentation](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/custom-container-requirements) that describes the container image requirements to be compatible with Vertex Predictions.\n",
+        "To use a custom container to serve predictions from a PyTorch model, you must provide Vertex AI with a Docker container image that runs an HTTP server, such as TorchServe in this case. Please refer to [documentation](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/custom-container-requirements) that describes the container image requirements to be compatible with Vertex AI Predictions.\n",
        "\n",
-        "![Serving with Custom Containers on Vertex Predictions](./images/serve-pytorch-model-on-vertex-predictions-with-custom-containers.png)\n",
+        "![Serving with Custom Containers on Vertex AI Predictions](./images/serve-pytorch-model-on-vertex-predictions-with-custom-containers.png)\n",
        "\n",
-        "Essentially, to deploy a PyTorch model on Vertex Predictions following are the steps:\n",
+        "Essentially, to deploy a PyTorch model on Vertex AI Predictions following are the steps:\n",
        "\n",
        "1. Package the trained model artifacts including [default](https://pytorch.org/serve/#default-handlers) or [custom](https://pytorch.org/serve/custom_service.html) handlers by creating an archive file using [Torch model archiver](https://github.com/pytorch/serve/tree/master/model-archiver)\n",
-        "2. Build a [custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/custom-container-requirements) compatible with Vertex Predictions to serve the model using Torchserve\n",
-        "3. Upload the model with custom container image to serve predictions as a Vertex Model resource\n",
-        "4. Create a Vertex Endpoint and [deploy the model](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/deploy-model-api) resource"
+        "2. Build a [custom container](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/custom-container-requirements) compatible with Vertex AI Predictions to serve the model using Torchserve\n",
+        "3. Upload the model with custom container image to serve predictions as a Vertex AI Model resource\n",
+        "4. Create a Vertex AI Endpoint and [deploy the model](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/deploy-model-api) resource"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2815,7 +2815,7 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "%%writefile predictor/custom_text_handler.py\n",
+        "%%writefile predictor/custom_handler.py\n",
        "\n",
        "import os\n",
        "import json\n",
@@ -2870,7 +2870,8 @@
        "            with open(mapping_file_path) as f:\n",
        "                self.mapping = json.load(f)\n",
        "        else:\n",
-        "            logger.warning('Missing the index_to_name.json file. Inference output will not include class name.')\n",
+        "            logger.warning('Missing the index_to_name.json file. Inference output will default.')\n",
+        "            self.mapping = {\"0\": \"Negative\",  \"1\": \"Positive\"}\n",
        "\n",
        "        self.initialized = True\n",
        "\n",
@@ -3047,10 +3048,13 @@
        "FROM pytorch/torchserve:latest-cpu\n",
        "\n",
        "# install dependencies\n",
+        "RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip\n",
        "RUN pip3 install transformers\n",
        "\n",
+        "USER model-server\n",
+        "\n",
        "# copy model artifacts, custom handler and other dependencies\n",
-        "COPY ./custom_text_handler.py /home/model-server/\n",
+        "COPY ./custom_handler.py /home/model-server/\n",
        "COPY ./index_to_name.json /home/model-server/\n",
        "COPY ./model/$APP_NAME/ /home/model-server/\n",
        "\n",
@@ -3070,7 +3074,7 @@
        "  --model-name=$APP_NAME \\\n",
        "  --version=1.0 \\\n",
        "  --serialized-file=/home/model-server/pytorch_model.bin \\\n",
-        "  --handler=/home/model-server/custom_text_handler.py \\\n",
+        "  --handler=/home/model-server/custom_handler.py \\\n",
        "  --extra-files \"/home/model-server/config.json,/home/model-server/tokenizer.json,/home/model-server/training_args.bin,/home/model-server/tokenizer_config.json,/home/model-server/special_tokens_map.json,/home/model-server/vocab.txt,/home/model-server/index_to_name.json\" \\\n",
        "  --export-path=/home/model-server/model-store\n",
        "\n",
@@ -3129,7 +3133,7 @@
      "source": [
        "#### **Run the container locally** ***[Optional]***\n",
        "\n",
-        "Before push the container image to Container Registry to use it with Vertex Predictions, you can run it as a container in your local environment to verify that the server works as expected"
+        "Before push the container image to Container Registry to use it with Vertex AI Predictions, you can run it as a container in your local environment to verify that the server works as expected"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3267,9 +3271,9 @@
        "id": "69477b3a00c0"
      },
      "source": [
-        "#### **Deploying the serving container to Vertex Predictions**\n",
+        "#### **Deploying the serving container to Vertex AI Predictions**\n",
        "\n",
-        "We create a model resource on Vertex AI and deploy the model to a Vertex Endpoints. You must deploy a model to an endpoint before using the model. The deployed model runs the custom container image to serve predictions. "
+        "We create a model resource on Vertex AI and deploy the model to a Vertex AI Endpoints. You must deploy a model to an endpoint before using the model. The deployed model runs the custom container image to serve predictions. "
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3300,7 +3304,7 @@
        "id": "a3da91e19af4"
      },
      "source": [
-        "##### **Initialize the Vertex SDK for Python**"
+        "##### **Initialize the Vertex AI SDK for Python**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3437,7 +3441,7 @@
        "id": "bc4673478269"
      },
      "source": [
-        "#### **Invoking the Endpoint with deployed Model using Vertex SDK to make predictions**"
+        "#### **Invoking the Endpoint with deployed Model using Vertex AI SDK to make predictions**"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3487,7 +3491,7 @@
      "source": [
        "##### **Formatting input for online prediction**\n",
        "\n",
-        "For online prediction requests, the prediction input instances must be formatted as JSON with base64 encoding as shown here:\n",
+        "This notebook uses [Torchserve's KServe based inference API](https://pytorch.org/serve/inference_api.html#kserve-inference-api) which is also [Vertex AI Predictions compatible format](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/predictions/custom-container-requirements#prediction). For online prediction requests, format the prediction input instances as JSON with base64 encoding as shown here:\n",
        "\n",
        "```\n",
        "[\n",
@@ -3560,9 +3564,9 @@
      },
      "source": [
        "##### ***[Optional]*** **Make prediction requests using gcloud CLI**\n",
-        "You can also call the Vertex Endpoint to make predictions using [`gcloud beta ai endpoints predict`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai/endpoints/predict). \n",
+        "You can also call the Vertex AI Endpoint to make predictions using [`gcloud beta ai endpoints predict`](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/ai/endpoints/predict). \n",
        "\n",
-        "The following cell shows how to make a prediction request to Vertex Endpoints using `gcloud` CLI: "
+        "The following cell shows how to make a prediction request to Vertex AI Endpoints using `gcloud` CLI: "
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3653,12 +3657,12 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "delete_custom_job = True\n",
-        "delete_hp_tuning_job = True\n",
+        "delete_custom_job = False\n",
+        "delete_hp_tuning_job = False\n",
        "delete_endpoint = True\n",
-        "delete_model = True\n",
-        "delete_bucket = True\n",
-        "delete_image = True"
+        "delete_model = False\n",
+        "delete_bucket = False\n",
+        "delete_image = False"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -3686,7 +3690,7 @@
        "\n",
        "client_options = {\"api_endpoint\": API_ENDPOINT}\n",
        "\n",
-        "# Initialize Vertex SDK\n",
+        "# Initialize Vertex AI SDK\n",
        "aiplatform.init(project=PROJECT_ID, staging_bucket=BUCKET_NAME)"
      ]
    },
@@ -3924,7 +3928,7 @@
        "if delete_bucket and \"BUCKET_NAME\" in globals():\n",
        "    print(f\"Deleting all contents from the bucket {BUCKET_NAME}\")\n",
        "\n",
-        "    shell_output=! gsutil du -as $BUCKET_NAME\n",
+        "    shell_output = ! gsutil du -as $BUCKET_NAME\n",
        "    print(\n",
        "        f\"Size of the bucket {BUCKET_NAME} before deleting = {shell_output[0].split()[0]} bytes\"\n",
        "    )\n",
@@ -3932,7 +3936,7 @@
        "    # uncomment below line to delete contents of the bucket\n",
        "    # ! gsutil rm -r $BUCKET_NAME\n",
        "\n",
-        "    shell_output=! gsutil du -as $BUCKET_NAME\n",
+        "    shell_output = ! gsutil du -as $BUCKET_NAME\n",
        "    if float(shell_output[0].split()[0]) > 0:\n",
        "        print(\n",
        "            \"PLEASE UNCOMMENT LINE TO DELETE BUCKET. CONTENT FROM THE BUCKET NOT DELETED\"\n",
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Train and deploy a scikit-learn model with Vertex AI
+
+This repository shows how to train and deploy a text classifier using scikit-learn and Vertex AI.
+
+The main used Vertex AI features are:
+- Vertex AI Custom Training
+- Vertex AI Model
+- Vertex AI Endpoint
+
+Further used GCP services are:
+- Google Cloud Logging
+- Google Cloud Storage
+
+## Repository
+
+    ├── README.md
+    ├── create_job.ipynb    # <-- creates the training job and deploys the model
+    ├── requirements.txt    # <-- requirements for deploying the job
+    └── task.py             # <-- contains the training application
+
+## Training job overview
+
+The training job performs the following steps:
+
+1. Downloads the `NewsAggregator` dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository
+2. Trains and evaluates a classifier using scikit-learn
+3. Exports model and evaluation artifacts to GCS
+4. Deploys the model as a `Vertex AI Endpoint`
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+{
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "72b875d67303"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# Create and run a custom Vertex AI Training Job from a local script"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "398b976f501e"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Install Vertex AI Python Client"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2162adc1d8fe"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "!pip install -r requirements.txt --upgrade"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d4bf4ab70e65"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## GCP authentication"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "41084de2e96a"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import os\n",
+        "\n",
+        "os.environ[\n",
+        "    \"GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS\"\n",
+        "] = \"\"  # TODO: path to credentials .json file"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "1ce7efb99a95"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Create the custom Vertex AI Training Job\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Define the custom job parameters\n",
+        "2. Submit the job to create a `Vertex AI Model`"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c04b9efb5eb3"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Import the Vertex AI SDK (Python Client)\n",
+        "from google.cloud import aiplatform"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "b56f5fdcefd6"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Project meta data\n",
+        "PROJECT_ID = \"\"  # TODO\n",
+        "REGION = \"\"  # TODO e.g. europe\n",
+        "ZONE = \"\"  # TODO e.g. west4\n",
+        "LOCATION = f\"{REGION}-{ZONE}\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "4af8cfb1e1a1"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "aiplatform.init(project=PROJECT_ID, location=LOCATION)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "e23d0161b489"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Variables for specifying the job\n",
+        "DISPLAY_NAME = (\n",
+        "    \"news-classifier-training\"  # TODO: How the job is displayed on Vertex AI GUI\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "SCRIPT_PATH = \"./task.py\"  # Path to local training script\n",
+        "STAGING_BUCKET = (\n",
+        "    \"\"  # TODO GCS URI where meta data and artifacts are stored for this job\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "MODEL_TRAINING_IMAGE = f\"{REGION}-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest\"  # Pre-built training image\n",
+        "REQUIREMENTS = [\"wget\"]  # Additional requirements not already part of the base image\n",
+        "# !Required if the Training Pipeline produces a managed Vertex AI Model!\n",
+        "MODEL_SERVING_IMAGE = f\"{REGION}-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-23:latest\"  # Pre-built serving image"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "61565ec3e6de"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Job definition\n",
+        "custom_training_job = aiplatform.CustomTrainingJob(\n",
+        "    project=PROJECT_ID,\n",
+        "    location=LOCATION,\n",
+        "    display_name=DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
+        "    script_path=SCRIPT_PATH,\n",
+        "    staging_bucket=STAGING_BUCKET,\n",
+        "    container_uri=MODEL_TRAINING_IMAGE,\n",
+        "    requirements=REQUIREMENTS,\n",
+        "    model_serving_container_image_uri=MODEL_SERVING_IMAGE,\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8c8d4bd78688"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Variables for running the job\n",
+        "MACHINE_TYPE = \"n1-standard-4\"  # Standard VM with 4 CPUs\n",
+        "# !Required if the Training Pipeline produces a managed Vertex AI Model!\n",
+        "MODEL_DISPLAY_NAME = (\n",
+        "    \"news-classifier-model\"  # TODO: Name for the resulting managed Vertex AI Model.\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "# Note that a single job may produce multiple models (e.g. one per run).\n",
+        "# The url to download the training data from.\n",
+        "DATASET_URL = \"https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/machine-learning-databases/00359/NewsAggregatorDataset.zip\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "13d31a7d0bb5"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Run the job\n",
+        "model = custom_training_job.run(\n",
+        "    machine_type=MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "    model_display_name=MODEL_DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
+        "    args=[f\"--dataset_url={DATASET_URL}\", f\"--project_id={PROJECT_ID}\"],\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8026ac119722"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "MODEL_RESOURCE_NAME = model.resource_name"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2d985fca37f3"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Deploy model to Vertex AI Endpoint\n",
+        "\n",
+        "1. Retrieve the registered `Vertex AI Model`\n",
+        "2. Deploy the model to a new `Vertex AI Endpoint`\n",
+        "3. Get some test predictions from the endpoint"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "58c08631f94c"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "ENDPOINT_DISPLAY_NAME = \"news-classifier-endpoint\"  # TODO\n",
+        "MACHINE_TYPE_SERVING = \"n1-standard-2\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "b54867240880"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "endpoint = aiplatform.Endpoint.create(\n",
+        "    display_name=ENDPOINT_DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
+        "    location=LOCATION,\n",
+        "    project=PROJECT_ID,\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a76e7c721b88"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "model = aiplatform.Model(model_name=MODEL_RESOURCE_NAME)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d06714302f81"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "model.deploy(\n",
+        "    endpoint=endpoint,\n",
+        "    deployed_model_display_name=MODEL_DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
+        "    machine_type=MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "    traffic_percentage=100,\n",
+        "    min_replica_count=1,\n",
+        "    max_replica_count=1,\n",
+        "    accelerator_type=None,\n",
+        "    accelerator_count=None,\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "5b7eca31d80e"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "endpoint.predict(instances={\"instances\": [\"A news headline to be classified\"]})"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "metadata": {
+    "colab": {
+      "name": "create_job.ipynb",
+      "toc_visible": true
+    },
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "display_name": "Python 3",
+      "name": "python3"
+    }
+  },
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+google-cloud-aiplatform
+ipykernel
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import pickle
+import zipfile
+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+import pandas as pd
+import wget
+from google.cloud import storage
+from google.cloud.logging import Client as LogClient
+from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer, TfidfTransformer
+from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
+from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
+from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
+
+
+def download_dataset_from_url(url: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """Downloads and unzips the dataset from `url` and reads it with pandas.
+
+    Args:
+        url (str, optional): URL to the dataset.
+    """
+
+    zip_filepath = wget.download(url, out=".")
+
+    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filepath, "r") as zf:
+        zf.extract(path=".", member="newsCorpora.csv")
+
+    COLUMN_NAMES = ["id", "title", "url", "publisher",
+                    "category", "story", "hostname", "timestamp"]
+
+    return pd.read_csv(
+        "newsCorpora.csv", delimiter="\t", names=COLUMN_NAMES, index_col=0
+    )
+
+
+def get_train_test_data(dataframe: pd.DataFrame, test_size: float = 0.2
+) -> Tuple[List, List, List, List]:
+    """Splits the news dataset into train and test features and labels.
+
+    Args:
+        news (pd.DataFrame): The dataset as pandas DataFrame.
+        test_size (float): The size in percent of the test data.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[List, List, List, List]: Tuple with train and test data
+    """
+
+    train, test = train_test_split(dataframe, test_size=test_size)
+
+    x_train, y_train = train["title"].values, train["category"].values
+    x_test, y_test = test["title"].values, test["category"].values
+
+    return x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test
+
+
+def export_model_to_gcs(fitted_pipeline: Pipeline, gcs_uri: str) -> str:
+    """Exports trained pipeline to GCS
+
+    Parameters:
+            fitted_pipeline (sklearn.pipelines.Pipeline): the Pipeline object
+                with data already fitted (trained pipeline object).
+            gcs_uri (str): GCS path to store the trained pipeline
+                i.e gs://example_bucket/training-job.
+    Returns:
+            export_path (str): Model GCS location
+    """
+
+    artifact_filename = 'model.pkl'
+
+    # Save model artifact to local filesystem (doesn't persist)
+    local_path = artifact_filename
+    with open(local_path, 'wb') as model_file:
+        pickle.dump(fitted_pipeline, model_file)
+
+    # Upload model artifact to Cloud Storage
+    storage_path = os.path.join(gcs_uri, artifact_filename)
+    blob = storage.blob.Blob.from_string(storage_path, client=storage.Client())
+    blob.upload_from_filename(local_path)
+
+
+def export_evaluation_report_to_gcs(report: str, gcs_uri: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Exports training job report to GCS
+
+    Parameters:
+        report (str): Full report in text to sent to GCS
+        gcs_uri (str): GCS path to store the report
+            i.e gs://example_bucket/training-job
+    """
+
+    artifact_filename = 'report.txt'
+
+    # Upload model artifact to Cloud Storage
+    storage_path = os.path.join(gcs_uri, artifact_filename)
+    blob = storage.blob.Blob.from_string(storage_path, client=storage.Client())
+    blob.upload_from_string(report)
+
+
+def train_and_score(X_train: List, y_train: List, X_test: List, y_test: List
+) -> Tuple[Pipeline, float]:
+    """Trains and cross-validates a text classifier pipeline.
+
+    Args:
+        X_train (List): Train features as list of strings.
+        y_train (List): Train labels as list of strings.
+        X_test (List): Test labels as list of strings.
+        y_test (List): Test labels as list of strings.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[Pipeline, float]: Fitted pipeline and mean accuracy.
+    """
+
+    pipeline = Pipeline([
+                ("vectorizer", CountVectorizer()),
+                ("tfidf", TfidfTransformer()),
+                ("naivebayes", MultinomialNB()),
+        ])
+
+    pipeline.fit(X_train, y_train)
+    score = pipeline.score(X_test, y_test)
+
+    return pipeline, score
+
+
+# Define all the command line arguments your model can accept for training
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dataset_url",
+        help="Download url for the training data.",
+        type=str
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--project_id",
+        help="GCP project id for cloud logging.",
+        type=str
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    arguments = args.__dict__
+
+    # set up the GCP logger
+    client = LogClient(project=arguments["project_id"])
+    client.setup_logging(log_level=logging.INFO)
+    logging.info("Starting custom training job.")
+
+    # download the data from url
+    logging.info("Downloading training data from: {}".format(arguments["dataset_url"]))
+    dataframe = download_dataset_from_url(arguments["dataset_url"])
+    train_test_data = get_train_test_data(dataframe)
+
+    # train and cross validate
+    logging.info("Training started ...")
+    model, score = train_and_score(*train_test_data)
+    logging.info(f"Training completed with model score: {score}")
+
+    # export model to gcs
+    _gcs_uri = os.environ["AIP_MODEL_DIR"]
+    logging.info("Exporting model artifacts ...")
+    export_model_to_gcs(model, _gcs_uri)
+    export_evaluation_report_to_gcs(str(score), _gcs_uri)
+    logging.info(f"Exported model artifacts to GCS bucket: {_gcs_uri}")
@@ -188,11 +188,14 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} google-cloud-aiplatform==1.0.1\n",
-        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} google-cloud-pipeline-components==0.1.3\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} google-cloud-aiplatform\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} google-cloud-pipeline-components\n",
        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade kfp\n",
-        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} numpy==1.20.3\n",
-        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade tensorflow"
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} numpy\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade tensorflow\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade pillow\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade tf-agents\n",
+        "! pip3 install {USER_FLAG} --upgrade fastapi"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -287,7 +290,7 @@
        "\n",
        "# Get your Google Cloud project ID from gcloud\n",
        "if not os.getenv(\"IS_TESTING\"):\n",
-        "    shell_output=!gcloud config list --format 'value(core.project)' 2>/dev/null\n",
+        "    shell_output = !gcloud config list --format 'value(core.project)' 2>/dev/null\n",
        "    PROJECT_ID = shell_output[0]\n",
        "    print(\"Project ID: \", PROJECT_ID)"
      ]
@@ -518,6 +521,7 @@
        "import os\n",
        "import sys\n",
        "\n",
+        "from google.cloud import aiplatform\n",
        "from google_cloud_pipeline_components import aiplatform as gcc_aip\n",
        "from kfp.v2 import compiler, dsl\n",
        "from kfp.v2.google.client import AIPlatformClient"
@@ -561,13 +565,34 @@
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
-        "id": "H3530hdGGilo"
+        "id": "895ac243c125"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Dataset parameters\n",
-        "RAW_DATA_PATH = \"gs://cloud-samples-data/vertex-ai/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/u.data\"  # Location of the MovieLens 100K dataset's \"u.data\" file.\n",
-        "\n",
+        "RAW_DATA_PATH = \"gs://[your-bucket-name]/raw_data/u.data\"   # @param {type:\"string\"}"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "62bfb9a820f6"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Download the sample data into your RAW_DATA_PATH\n",
+        "! gsutil cp \"gs://cloud-samples-data/vertex-ai/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/u.data\" $RAW_DATA_PATH"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "H3530hdGGilo"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
        "# Pipeline parameters\n",
        "PIPELINE_NAME = \"movielens-pipeline\"  # Pipeline display name.\n",
        "ENABLE_CACHING = False  # Whether to enable execution caching for the pipeline.\n",
@@ -635,7 +660,7 @@
      "source": [
        "#### Run unit tests on the Generator component\n",
        "\n",
-        "Before running the command, fill in `RAW_DATA_PATH` in [`src/generator/test_generator_component.py`](src/generator/test_generator_component.py)."
+        "Before running the command, you should update the `RAW_DATA_PATH` in [`src/generator/test_generator_component.py`](src/generator/test_generator_component.py)."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -713,12 +738,12 @@
        "TRAINING_ARTIFACTS_DIR = (\n",
        "    f\"{BUCKET_NAME}/artifacts\"  # Root directory for training artifacts.\n",
        ")\n",
-        "TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT = \"1\"  # Number of replica to run the custom training job.\n",
+        "TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT = 1  # Number of replica to run the custom training job.\n",
        "TRAINING_MACHINE_TYPE = (\n",
        "    \"n1-standard-4\"  # Type of machine to run the custom training job.\n",
        ")\n",
        "TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_TYPE = \"ACCELERATOR_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED\"  # Type of accelerators to run the custom training job.\n",
-        "TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT = \"0\"  # Number of accelerators for the custom training job."
+        "TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT = 0  # Number of accelerators for the custom training job."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -769,8 +794,12 @@
        "TRAINED_POLICY_DISPLAY_NAME = (\n",
        "    \"movielens-trained-policy\"  # Display name of the uploaded and deployed policy.\n",
        ")\n",
+        "TRAFFIC_SPLIT = {\"0\": 100}\n",
        "ENDPOINT_DISPLAY_NAME = \"movielens-endpoint\"  # Display name of the prediction endpoint.\n",
-        "ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE = \"n1-standard-4\"  # Type of machine of the prediction endpoint."
+        "ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE = \"n1-standard-4\"  # Type of machine of the prediction endpoint.\n",
+        "ENDPOINT_REPLICA_COUNT = 1  # Number of replicas of the prediction endpoint.\n",
+        "ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_TYPE = \"ACCELERATOR_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED\"  # Type of accelerators to run the custom training job.\n",
+        "ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_COUNT = 0  # Number of accelerators for the custom training job."
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -900,16 +929,17 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
+        "from google_cloud_pipeline_components.experimental.custom_job import utils\n",
        "from kfp.components import load_component_from_url\n",
        "\n",
        "generate_op = load_component_from_url(\n",
-        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/68d6cf46ee22a9b9295d62ea71996150baf8db94/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/generator/component.yaml\"\n",
+        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/62a2a7611499490b4b04d731d48a7ba87c2d636f/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/generator/component.yaml\"\n",
        ")\n",
        "ingest_op = load_component_from_url(\n",
-        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/68d6cf46ee22a9b9295d62ea71996150baf8db94/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/ingester/component.yaml\"\n",
+        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/62a2a7611499490b4b04d731d48a7ba87c2d636f/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/ingester/component.yaml\"\n",
        ")\n",
        "train_op = load_component_from_url(\n",
-        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/68d6cf46ee22a9b9295d62ea71996150baf8db94/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/trainer/component.yaml\"\n",
+        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/62a2a7611499490b4b04d731d48a7ba87c2d636f/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/trainer/component.yaml\"\n",
        ")\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
@@ -978,7 +1008,7 @@
        "        bigquery_location=bigquery_location,\n",
        "        bigquery_table_id=bigquery_table_id,\n",
        "    )\n",
-        "\n",
+        "    \n",
        "    # Run the Ingester component.\n",
        "    ingest_task = ingest_op(\n",
        "        project_id=project_id,\n",
@@ -988,7 +1018,16 @@
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
        "    # Run the Trainer component and submit custom job to Vertex AI.\n",
-        "    train_task = train_op(\n",
+        "    # Convert the train_op component into a Vertex AI Custom Job pre-built component\n",
+        "    custom_job_training_op = utils.create_custom_training_job_op_from_component(\n",
+        "        component_spec=train_op,\n",
+        "        replica_count=TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
+        "        machine_type=TRAINING_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        accelerator_type=TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
+        "        accelerator_count=TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    train_task = custom_job_training_op(\n",
        "        training_artifacts_dir=training_artifacts_dir,\n",
        "        tfrecord_file=ingest_task.outputs[\"tfrecord_file\"],\n",
        "        num_epochs=num_epochs,\n",
@@ -996,28 +1035,10 @@
        "        num_actions=num_actions,\n",
        "        tikhonov_weight=tikhonov_weight,\n",
        "        agent_alpha=agent_alpha,\n",
+        "        project=PROJECT_ID,\n",
+        "        location=REGION,\n",
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
-        "    worker_pool_specs = [\n",
-        "        {\n",
-        "            \"containerSpec\": {\n",
-        "                \"imageUri\": train_task.container.image,\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            \"replicaCount\": TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
-        "            \"machineSpec\": {\n",
-        "                \"machineType\": TRAINING_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
-        "                \"acceleratorType\": TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
-        "                \"acceleratorCount\": TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "        },\n",
-        "    ]\n",
-        "    train_task.custom_job_spec = {\n",
-        "        \"displayName\": train_task.name,\n",
-        "        \"jobSpec\": {\n",
-        "            \"workerPoolSpecs\": worker_pool_specs,\n",
-        "        },\n",
-        "    }\n",
-        "\n",
        "    # Run the Deployer components.\n",
        "    # Upload the trained policy as a model.\n",
        "    model_upload_op = gcc_aip.ModelUploadOp(\n",
@@ -1034,11 +1055,14 @@
        "    # Deploy the uploaded, trained policy to the created endpoint. (This operation\n",
        "    # has to occur after both model uploading and endpoint creation complete.)\n",
        "    gcc_aip.ModelDeployOp(\n",
-        "        project=project_id,\n",
        "        endpoint=endpoint_create_op.outputs[\"endpoint\"],\n",
        "        model=model_upload_op.outputs[\"model\"],\n",
        "        deployed_model_display_name=TRAINED_POLICY_DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
-        "        machine_type=ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        traffic_split=TRAFFIC_SPLIT,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_machine_type=ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_accelerator_type=ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_accelerator_count=ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_min_replica_count=ENDPOINT_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
        "    )"
      ]
    },
@@ -1053,12 +1077,11 @@
        "# Compile the authored pipeline.\n",
        "compiler.Compiler().compile(pipeline_func=pipeline, package_path=PIPELINE_SPEC_PATH)\n",
        "\n",
-        "# Createa Vertex AI client.\n",
-        "api_client = AIPlatformClient(project_id=PROJECT_ID, region=REGION)\n",
-        "\n",
        "# Create a pipeline run job.\n",
-        "response = api_client.create_run_from_job_spec(\n",
-        "    job_spec_path=PIPELINE_SPEC_PATH,\n",
+        "job = aiplatform.PipelineJob(\n",
+        "    display_name=f\"{PIPELINE_NAME}-startup\",\n",
+        "    template_path=PIPELINE_SPEC_PATH,\n",
+        "    pipeline_root=PIPELINE_ROOT,\n",
        "    parameter_values={\n",
        "        # Pipeline configs\n",
        "        \"project_id\": PROJECT_ID,\n",
@@ -1070,7 +1093,9 @@
        "        \"bigquery_table_id\": BIGQUERY_TABLE_ID,\n",
        "    },\n",
        "    enable_caching=ENABLE_CACHING,\n",
-        ")"
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "job.run()"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1111,7 +1136,11 @@
        "SIMULATOR_SCHEDULE = \"*/5 * * * *\"  # Cloud Scheduler cron job schedule for the Simulator. Eg. \"*/5 * * * *\" means every 5 mins.\n",
        "SIMULATOR_SCHEDULER_MESSAGE = (\n",
        "    \"simulator-message\"  # Cloud Scheduler message for the Simulator.\n",
-        ")"
+        ")\n",
+        "# TF-Agents RL configs\n",
+        "BATCH_SIZE = 8\n",
+        "RANK_K = 20\n",
+        "NUM_ACTIONS = 20"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1221,7 +1250,7 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "endpoints = ! gcloud beta ai endpoints list \\\n",
+        "endpoints = ! gcloud ai endpoints list \\\n",
        "    --region=$REGION \\\n",
        "    --filter=display_name=$ENDPOINT_DISPLAY_NAME\n",
        "print(\"\\n\".join(endpoints), \"\\n\")\n",
@@ -1424,13 +1453,11 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "from kfp.components import load_component_from_url\n",
-        "\n",
        "ingest_op = load_component_from_url(\n",
-        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/68d6cf46ee22a9b9295d62ea71996150baf8db94/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/ingester/component.yaml\"\n",
+        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/62a2a7611499490b4b04d731d48a7ba87c2d636f/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/ingester/component.yaml\"\n",
        ")\n",
        "train_op = load_component_from_url(\n",
-        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/68d6cf46ee22a9b9295d62ea71996150baf8db94/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/trainer/component.yaml\"\n",
+        "    \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/62a2a7611499490b4b04d731d48a7ba87c2d636f/community-content/tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation_with_kfp_and_vertex_sdk/mlops_pipeline_tf_agents_bandits_movie_recommendation/src/trainer/component.yaml\"\n",
        ")\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
@@ -1481,7 +1508,16 @@
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
        "    # Run the Trainer component and submit custom job to Vertex AI.\n",
-        "    train_task = train_op(\n",
+        "    # Convert the train_op component into a Vertex AI Custom Job pre-built component\n",
+        "    custom_job_training_op = utils.create_custom_training_job_op_from_component(\n",
+        "        component_spec=train_op,\n",
+        "        replica_count=TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
+        "        machine_type=TRAINING_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        accelerator_type=TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
+        "        accelerator_count=TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
+        "    )\n",
+        "\n",
+        "    train_task = custom_job_training_op(\n",
        "        training_artifacts_dir=training_artifacts_dir,\n",
        "        tfrecord_file=ingest_task.outputs[\"tfrecord_file\"],\n",
        "        num_epochs=num_epochs,\n",
@@ -1489,28 +1525,10 @@
        "        num_actions=num_actions,\n",
        "        tikhonov_weight=tikhonov_weight,\n",
        "        agent_alpha=agent_alpha,\n",
+        "        project=PROJECT_ID,\n",
+        "        location=REGION,\n",
        "    )\n",
        "\n",
-        "    worker_pool_specs = [\n",
-        "        {\n",
-        "            \"containerSpec\": {\n",
-        "                \"imageUri\": train_task.container.image,\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "            \"replicaCount\": TRAINING_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
-        "            \"machineSpec\": {\n",
-        "                \"machineType\": TRAINING_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
-        "                \"acceleratorType\": TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
-        "                \"acceleratorCount\": TRAINING_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
-        "            },\n",
-        "        },\n",
-        "    ]\n",
-        "    train_task.custom_job_spec = {\n",
-        "        \"displayName\": train_task.name,\n",
-        "        \"jobSpec\": {\n",
-        "            \"workerPoolSpecs\": worker_pool_specs,\n",
-        "        },\n",
-        "    }\n",
-        "\n",
        "    # Run the Deployer components.\n",
        "    # Upload the trained policy as a model.\n",
        "    model_upload_op = gcc_aip.ModelUploadOp(\n",
@@ -1527,11 +1545,13 @@
        "    # Deploy the uploaded, trained policy to the created endpoint. (This operation\n",
        "    # has to occur after both model uploading and endpoint creation complete.)\n",
        "    gcc_aip.ModelDeployOp(\n",
-        "        project=project_id,\n",
        "        endpoint=endpoint_create_op.outputs[\"endpoint\"],\n",
        "        model=model_upload_op.outputs[\"model\"],\n",
        "        deployed_model_display_name=TRAINED_POLICY_DISPLAY_NAME,\n",
-        "        machine_type=ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_machine_type=ENDPOINT_MACHINE_TYPE,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_accelerator_type=ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_TYPE,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_accelerator_count=ENDPOINT_ACCELERATOR_COUNT,\n",
+        "        dedicated_resources_min_replica_count=ENDPOINT_REPLICA_COUNT,\n",
        "    )"
      ]
    },
@@ -39,14 +39,15 @@ outputs:
 - {name: bigquery_table_id, type: String}
 implementation:
  container:
-    image: tensorflow/tensorflow:2.5.0
+    image: python:3.7
    command:
    - sh
    - -c
    - (PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 python3 -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location
-      'google-cloud-bigquery==2.20.0' 'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0' || PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
-      python3 -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location 'google-cloud-bigquery==2.20.0'
-      'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0' --user) && "$0" "$@"
+      'google-cloud-bigquery==2.20.0' 'pillow' 'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0'
+      || PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 python3 -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location
+      'google-cloud-bigquery==2.20.0' 'pillow' 'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0'
+      --user) && "$0" "$@"
    - sh
    - -ec
    - |
@@ -296,7 +297,8 @@ implementation:

      def _serialize_str(str_value: str) -> str:
          if not isinstance(str_value, str):
-              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
+              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(
+                  str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
          return str_value

      import argparse
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ outputs:
 - {name: tfrecord_file, type: String}
 implementation:
  container:
-    image: tensorflow/tensorflow:2.5.0
+    image: python:3.7
    command:
    - sh
    - -c
@@ -187,7 +187,8 @@ implementation:

      def _serialize_str(str_value: str) -> str:
          if not isinstance(str_value, str):
-              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
+              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(
+                  str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
          return str_value

      import argparse
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 google-cloud-bigquery==2.20.0
-tensorflow==2.5.0
+tensorflow==2.7.2
+pillow==9.0.1
 tf-agents==0.8.0
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+google-cloud-pubsub==2.5.0
+pillow==9.0.1
 tf-agents==0.8.0
-tensorflow==2.5.0
+tensorflow==2.7.2
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+dataclasses==0.6
+google-cloud-aiplatform==1.8.1
+tensorflow==2.7.2
+pillow==9.0.1
+tf-agents==0.8.0
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ outputs:
 - {name: training_artifacts_dir, type: String}
 implementation:
  container:
-    image: tensorflow/tensorflow:2.5.0
+    image: python:3.7
    command:
    - sh
    - -c
    - (PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 python3 -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location
-      'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0' || PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 python3
-      -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location 'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0'
-      --user) && "$0" "$@"
+      'tensorflow==2.5.0' 'tf-agents==0.8.0' 'Pillow' || PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
+      python3 -m pip install --quiet --no-warn-script-location 'tensorflow==2.5.0'
+      'tf-agents==0.8.0' 'Pillow' --user) && "$0" "$@"
    - sh
    - -ec
    - |
@@ -270,7 +270,8 @@ implementation:

      def _serialize_str(str_value: str) -> str:
          if not isinstance(str_value, str):
-              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
+              raise TypeError('Value "{}" has type "{}" instead of str.'.format(
+                  str(str_value), str(type(str_value))))
          return str_value

      import argparse
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ from src.training import task


 # Paths and configurations
-DATA_PATH = "gs://[your-bucket-name]/[your-dataset-dir]/u.data"  # FILL IN
+DATA_PATH = "gs://[your-bucket-name]/artifacts/u.data"  # FILL IN
 ROOT_DIR = "gs://[your-bucket-name]/artifacts"  # FILL IN
 ARTIFACTS_DIR = "gs://[your-bucket-name]/artifacts"  # FILL IN
 PROFILER_DIR = "gs://[your-bucket-name]/profiler"  # FILL IN
 HPTUNING_RESULT_DIR = "[your-hptuning-result-dir]/"  # FILL IN
 HPTUNING_RESULT_PATH = os.path.join(HPTUNING_RESULT_DIR,
-                                    "[your-file-name].json")  # FILL IN
+                                    "result.json")  # FILL IN
 RAW_BUCKET_NAME = "[your-hptuning-result-bucket-name]"  # FILL IN

 # Hyperparameters
@@ -1 +1 @@
-tensorflow==2.4.1
+tensorflow==2.7.2
@@ -1 +1 @@
-tensorflow==2.5.1
+tensorflow==2.7.2
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "# Copyright 2021 Google LLC\n",
+        "# Copyright 2022 Google LLC\n",
        "#\n",
        "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n",
        "# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n",
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "! gcloud beta ai custom-jobs local-run \\\n",
-        "  --base-image=$BASE_IMAGE_URI \\\n",
+        "! gcloud ai custom-jobs local-run \\\n",
+        "  --executor-image-uri=$BASE_IMAGE_URI \\\n",
        "  --script=$SCRIPT_PATH \\\n",
        "  --output-image-uri=$OUTPUT_IMAGE_NAME \\\n",
        "  -- \\\n",
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-# Code of Conduct
-
-## Our Pledge
-
-In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
-contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
-our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
-size, disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of
-experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance,
-race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
-
-## Our Standards
-
-Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
-include:
-
-*   Using welcoming and inclusive language
-*   Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
-*   Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
-*   Focusing on what is best for the community
-*   Showing empathy towards other community members
-
-Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
-
-*   The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
-    advances
-*   Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
-*   Public or private harassment
-*   Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
-    address, without explicit permission
-*   Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
-    professional setting
-
-## Our Responsibilities
-
-Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
-behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
-response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
-
-Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
-comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
-not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any
-contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening,
-offensive, or harmful.
-
-## Scope
-
-This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
-when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
-representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
-address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
-representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
-further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
-
-This Code of Conduct also applies outside the project spaces when the Project
-Steward has a reasonable belief that an individual's behavior may have a
-negative impact on the project or its community.
-
-## Conflict Resolution
-
-We do not believe that all conflict is bad; healthy debate and disagreement
-often yield positive results. However, it is never okay to be disrespectful or
-to engage in behavior that violates the project’s code of conduct.
-
-If you see someone violating the code of conduct, you are encouraged to address
-the behavior directly with those involved. Many issues can be resolved quickly
-and easily, and this gives people more control over the outcome of their
-dispute. If you are unable to resolve the matter for any reason, or if the
-behavior is threatening or harassing, report it. We are dedicated to providing
-an environment where participants feel welcome and safe.
-
-Reports should be directed to *[PROJECT STEWARD NAME(s) AND EMAIL(s)]*, the
-Project Steward(s) for *[PROJECT NAME]*. It is the Project Steward’s duty to
-receive and address reported violations of the code of conduct. They will then
-work with a committee consisting of representatives from the Open Source
-Programs Office and the Google Open Source Strategy team. If for any reason you
-are uncomfortable reaching out to the Project Steward, please email
-opensource@google.com.
-
-We will investigate every complaint, but you may not receive a direct response.
-We will use our discretion in determining when and how to follow up on reported
-incidents, which may range from not taking action to permanent expulsion from
-the project and project-sponsored spaces. We will notify the accused of the
-report and provide them an opportunity to discuss it before any action is taken.
-The identity of the reporter will be omitted from the details of the report
-supplied to the accused. In potentially harmful situations, such as ongoing
-harassment or threats to anyone's safety, we may take action without notice.
-
-## Attribution
-
-This Code of Conduct is adapted from the Contributor Covenant, version 1.4,
-available at
-https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# How to Contribute
-
-We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are
-just a few small guidelines you need to follow.
-
-## Contributor License Agreement
-
-Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
-Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution;
-this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as
-part of the project. Head over to <https://cla.developers.google.com/> to see
-your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.
-
-You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one
-(even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
-again.
-
-## Code Reviews
-
-All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We
-use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult
-[GitHub Help](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more
-information on using pull requests.
-
-## Community Guidelines
-
-This project follows [Google's Open Source Community
-Guidelines](https://opensource.google/conduct/).
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+The [official](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/notebooks/official) folder contains notebooks organized by Google Cloud product. These are tested weekly and maintained by Google.
+
+The [community](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/tree/main/notebooks/community) folder contains notebooks that may be created by Google or external contributors. They are not necessary maintained.
+
+Contributions to the repo should use the [notebook template](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/vertex-ai-samples/blob/main/notebooks/notebook_template.ipynb) as a starting point.
@@ -3,10 +3,24 @@
 # @global-owner1 and @global-owner2 will be requested for
 # review when someone opens a pull request.

-/sdk/sdk_* @aferlitsch
-/gapic @aferlitsch
-/ml_ops @aferlitsch
-/model_monitoring/* @mco
+/sdk/sdk_* @andrewferlitsch
+/gapic @andrewferlitsch
+/ml_ops @andrewferlitsch
+/model_monitoring/* @mco-gh
 /structured_data/rapid_prototyping_* @rafael-carvalho
-/managed_notebooks/ @notebooks-team
-/sdk/SDK_FBProphet_Forecasting_Online.ipynb			@brianchunkang
+
+/managed_notebooks/
+/sdk/SDK_FBProphet_Forecasting_Online.ipynb @brianchunkang
+/pipelines/google_cloud_pipeline_components_TPU_model_train_upload_deploy.ipynb @brianchunkang
+/explainable_ai/SDK_Custom_Container_XAI.ipynb @brianchunkang
+/matching_engine/sdk_matching_engine_for_indexing.ipynb @ivanmkc
+/matching_engine/matching_engine_for_indexing.ipynb @yinghsienwu
+/sdk/pytorch_lightning_custom_container_training.ipynb @brianchunkang
+/tensorboard @yfang1
+/feature_store @nayaknishant @morgandu
+/vertex_endpoints/tf_hub_obj_detection/deploy_tfhub_object_detection_on_vertex_endpoints.ipynb @entrpn
+/vertex_endpoints/nvidia-triton/nvidia-triton-custom-container-prediction.ipynb @RajeshThallam
+/vertex_endpoints/optimized_tensorflow_runtime @vlasenkoalexey
+/notebooks/community/ml_ops/stage2/get_started_with_visionapi_and_automl.ipynb @mansari
+/notebooks/community/neo4j/graph_paysim.ipynb @benofben @laeg
+/notebooks/community/ml_ops/stage1/get_started_with_visionapi_and_vertex_datasets.ipynb @mansari
@@ -480,8 +480,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1496,9 +1495,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1518,8 +1516,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -505,8 +505,7 @@
        "\n",
        "import google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1 as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1521,9 +1520,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`).\n",
        "\n",
@@ -1552,8 +1550,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -482,8 +482,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1498,9 +1497,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1520,8 +1518,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -483,8 +483,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1710,7 +1709,7 @@
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import tensorflow as tf\n",
-        "from tensorflow.keras import Input, Model\n",
+        "from tensorflow.keras import Model\n",
        "from tensorflow.keras.layers import Lambda\n",
        "\n",
        "softmax = model_A.outputs[0]\n",
@@ -1761,9 +1760,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1783,8 +1781,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -1824,16 +1821,15 @@
        "CONCRETE_INPUT = \"numpy_inputs\"\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
-        "def _preprocess(bytes_input):\n",
+        "def _preprocess(bytes_input):  # noqa: 811\n",
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
-        "def preprocess_fn(bytes_inputs):\n",
+        "def preprocess_fn(bytes_inputs):  # noqa: 811\n",
        "    decoded_images = tf.map_fn(\n",
        "        _preprocess, bytes_inputs, dtype=tf.float32, back_prop=False\n",
        "    )\n",
@@ -482,8 +482,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1600,9 +1599,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1622,8 +1620,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -507,8 +507,7 @@
        "\n",
        "import google.cloud.aiplatform_v1beta1 as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1523,9 +1522,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`).\n",
        "\n",
@@ -1554,8 +1552,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -484,8 +484,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -2103,9 +2102,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -2125,8 +2123,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(128, 128))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -483,8 +483,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1247,9 +1246,6 @@
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
-        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value\n",
-        "\n",
        "MODEL_NAME = \"custom_pipeline-\" + TIMESTAMP\n",
        "PIPELINE_DISPLAY_NAME = \"custom-training-pipeline\" + TIMESTAMP\n",
        "\n",
@@ -1567,9 +1563,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1589,8 +1584,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -482,8 +482,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1559,9 +1558,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`)."
      ]
@@ -1581,8 +1579,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(32, 32))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -483,8 +483,7 @@
        "\n",
        "from google.cloud.aiplatform import gapic as aip\n",
        "from google.protobuf import json_format\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson, ParseDict\n",
-        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Struct, Value"
+        "from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import Value"
      ]
    },
    {
@@ -1501,9 +1500,8 @@
        "\n",
        "When you send a prediction or explanation request, the content of the request is base 64 decoded into a Tensorflow string (`tf.string`), which is passed to the serving function (`serving_fn`). The serving function preprocesses the `tf.string` into raw (uncompressed) numpy bytes (`preprocess_fn`) to match the input requirements of the model:\n",
        "- `io.decode_jpeg`- Decompresses the JPG image which is returned as a Tensorflow tensor with three channels (RGB).\n",
-        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32.\n",
+        "- `image.convert_image_dtype` - Changes integer pixel values to float 32, and rescales pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "- `image.resize` - Resizes the image to match the input shape for the model.\n",
-        "- `resized / 255.0` - Rescales (normalization) the pixel data between 0 and 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "At this point, the data can be passed to the model (`m_call`).\n",
        "\n",
@@ -1529,8 +1527,7 @@
        "    decoded = tf.io.decode_jpeg(bytes_input, channels=3)\n",
        "    decoded = tf.image.convert_image_dtype(decoded, tf.float32)\n",
        "    resized = tf.image.resize(decoded, size=(16, 16))\n",
-        "    rescale = tf.cast(resized / 255.0, tf.float32)\n",
-        "    return rescale\n",
+        "    return resized\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "@tf.function(input_signature=[tf.TensorSpec([None], tf.string)])\n",
@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+{
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d1cc1c1fa076"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# Pricing Optimization \n",
+        "## Table of contents\n",
+        "* [Overview](#section-1)\n",
+        "* [Dataset](#section-2)\n",
+        "* [Objective](#section-3)\n",
+        "* [Costs](#section-4)\n",
+        "* [Create a BigQuery dataset](#section-5)\n",
+        "* [Load the dataset from Cloud Storage](#section-6)\n",
+        "* [Data analysis](#section-7)\n",
+        "* [Preprocess the data for training](#section-8)\n",
+        "* [Train the model using BigQuery ML](#section-9)\n",
+        "* [Generate forecasts from the model](#section-10)\n",
+        "* [Interpret the results to choose the best price](#section-11)\n",
+        "* [Clean up](#section-12)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Overview\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-1\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "This notebook demonstrates analysis of pricing optimization on [CDM Pricing Data](https://github.com/trifacta/trifacta-google-cloud/tree/main/design-pattern-pricing-optimization) and automating the workflow using Vertex AI Workbench managed notebooks.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "*Note: This notebook file was developed to run in a [Vertex AI Workbench managed notebooks](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/workbench/list/managed) instance using the Python (Local) kernel. Some components of this notebook may not work in other notebook environments.*\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Dataset\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-2\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The dataset used in this notebook is a part of the [CDM Pricing dataset](https://github.com/trifacta/trifacta-google-cloud/blob/main/design-pattern-pricing-optimization/CDM_Pricing_large_table.csv), which consists of product sales information on specified dates.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Objective\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-3\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "The objective of this notebook is to build a pricing optimization model using Vertex AI. The following steps have been followed:  \n",
+        "\n",
+        "- Load the required dataset from a Cloud Storage bucket.\n",
+        "- Analyze the fields present in the dataset.\n",
+        "- Process the data to build a model.\n",
+        "- Build a BigQuery ML forecast model on the processed data.\n",
+        "- Get forecasted values from the BigQuery ML model.\n",
+        "- Interpret the forecasts to identify the best prices.\n",
+        "- Clean up.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Costs\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-4\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "This tutorial uses the following billable components of Google Cloud:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "- Vertex AI\n",
+        "- BigQuery\n",
+        "- Cloud Storage\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Learn about [Vertex AI\n",
+        "pricing](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/pricing), [BigQuery pricing](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/pricing) and [Cloud Storage\n",
+        "pricing](https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing), and use the [Pricing\n",
+        "Calculator](https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator/)\n",
+        "to generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage.\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "5ed1f5e85640"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Before you begin\n",
+        "\n",
+        "### Set your project ID\n",
+        "\n",
+        "**If you don't know your project ID**, you may be able to get your project ID using `gcloud`."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c3f30148b66d"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import os\n",
+        "\n",
+        "PROJECT_ID = \"\"\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Get your Google Cloud project ID from gcloud\n",
+        "if not os.getenv(\"IS_TESTING\"):\n",
+        "    shell_output = !gcloud config list --format 'value(core.project)' 2>/dev/null\n",
+        "    PROJECT_ID = shell_output[0]\n",
+        "    print(\"Project ID: \", PROJECT_ID)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "750bf2883c2d"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Otherwise, set your project ID here."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3c6db1ca88b9"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "if PROJECT_ID == \"\" or PROJECT_ID is None:\n",
+        "    PROJECT_ID = \"[your-project-id]\"  # @param {type:\"string\"}"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2a1c270c7d34"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "### Import the required libraries and define constants\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "acc6fac1fa55"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
+        "import pandas as pd\n",
+        "import seaborn as sns\n",
+        "from google.cloud import bigquery\n",
+        "from google.cloud.bigquery import Client"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a06006dff8f9"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "DATASET = \"[your-bigquery-dataset-id]\"  # set the BigQuery dataset-id\n",
+        "TRAINING_DATA_TABLE = \"[your-bigquery-table-id-to-store-the-training-data]\"  # set the BigQuery table-id to store the training data"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "016c3d47cc69"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Create a BigQuery dataset\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-5\"></a>\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "12ccd8d7956e"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "#@bigquery\n",
+        "-- create a dataset in BigQuery\n",
+        "\n",
+        "CREATE SCHEMA pricing_optimization\n",
+        "OPTIONS(\n",
+        "  location=\"us\"\n",
+        "  )"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c106b978a79b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Load the dataset from Cloud Storage\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-6\"></a>\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8aeae9da9796"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "DATA_LOCATION = \"gs://cloud-samples-data/ai-platform-unified/datasets/tabular/cdm_pricing_large_table.csv\"\n",
+        "df = pd.read_csv(DATA_LOCATION)\n",
+        "print(df.shape)\n",
+        "df.head()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "7b98d5f09842"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "You will build a forecast model on this data and thus determine the best price for a product. For this type of model, you will not be using many fields: only the sales and price related ones. For the current execrcise, focus on the following fields:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "- `Product_ID`\n",
+        "- `Customer_Hierarchy`\n",
+        "- `Fiscal_Date`\n",
+        "- `List_Price_Converged`\n",
+        "- `Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces`\n",
+        "- `Net_Sales`\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Data Analysis\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-7\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "First, explore the data and distributions.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Select the required columns from the dataframe."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "af4b41c5eb1f"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "id_col = \"Product_ID\"\n",
+        "date_col = \"Fiscal_Date\"\n",
+        "categ_cols = [\"Customer_Hierarchy\"]\n",
+        "num_cols = [\"List_Price_Converged\", \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\", \"Net_Sales\"]\n",
+        "\n",
+        "df = df[[id_col, date_col] + categ_cols + num_cols].copy()\n",
+        "df.head()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3d780043ee5b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Check the column types and null values in the dataframe."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f54c445a1288"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df.info()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "cd817b414c4d"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "This data description reveals that there are no null values in the data. Also, the field `Fiscal_Date` which is a date field is loaded as an object type. \n",
+        "\n",
+        "Change the type of the date field to datetime."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "b160fac085c8"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df[\"Fiscal_Date\"] = pd.to_datetime(df[\"Fiscal_Date\"], infer_datetime_format=True)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fb4778578064"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Plot the distributions for the categorical fields."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "dd0467cd57c3"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "for i in categ_cols:\n",
+        "    df[i].value_counts(normalize=True).plot(kind=\"bar\")\n",
+        "    plt.title(i)\n",
+        "    plt.show()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "145deed255e0"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Plot the distributions for the numerical fields."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f934137c6d82"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "for i in num_cols:\n",
+        "    _, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10, 4))\n",
+        "    df[i].plot(kind=\"box\", ax=ax[0])\n",
+        "    df[i].plot(kind=\"hist\", ax=ax[1])\n",
+        "    ax[0].set_title(i + \"-Boxplot\")\n",
+        "    ax[1].set_title(i + \"-Histogram\")\n",
+        "    plt.show()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f9b9c2e58380"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Check the maximum date and minimum date in Fiscal_Date column."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2a10aa689f9d"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "print(df[\"Fiscal_Date\"].max())\n",
+        "print(df[\"Fiscal_Date\"].min())"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "4834f63e2e59"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Check the product distribution across each category."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "4664877f5304"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "grp_cols = [\"Customer_Hierarchy\", \"Product_ID\"]\n",
+        "grp_df = df[grp_cols].groupby(by=grp_cols).count().reset_index()\n",
+        "grp_df.groupby(\"Customer_Hierarchy\").nunique()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "01ed02b9c8fd"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Check the percentage changes in the orders based on the percentage changes in the price."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "0b2c428cb135"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# aggregate the data\n",
+        "df_aggr = (\n",
+        "    df.groupby([\"Product_ID\", \"List_Price_Converged\"])\n",
+        "    .agg({\"Fiscal_Date\": min, \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\": sum, \"Net_Sales\": sum})\n",
+        "    .reset_index()\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "# rename the aggregated columns\n",
+        "df_aggr.rename(\n",
+        "    columns={\n",
+        "        \"Fiscal_Date\": \"First_price_date\",\n",
+        "        \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\": \"Total_ordered_pieces\",\n",
+        "        \"Net_Sales\": \"Total_net_sales\",\n",
+        "    },\n",
+        "    inplace=True,\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# sort values chronologically\n",
+        "df_aggr.sort_values(by=[\"Product_ID\", \"First_price_date\"], inplace=True)\n",
+        "df_aggr.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# add columns for previous values\n",
+        "df_aggr[\"Previous_List\"] = df_aggr.groupby([\"Product_ID\"])[\n",
+        "    \"List_Price_Converged\"\n",
+        "].shift()\n",
+        "df_aggr[\"Previous_Total_ordered_pieces\"] = df_aggr.groupby([\"Product_ID\"])[\n",
+        "    \"Total_ordered_pieces\"\n",
+        "].shift()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# average price change across sku's\n",
+        "df_aggr[\"price_change_perc\"] = (\n",
+        "    (df_aggr[\"List_Price_Converged\"] - df_aggr[\"Previous_List\"])\n",
+        "    / df_aggr[\"Previous_List\"].fillna(0)\n",
+        "    * 100\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "df_aggr[\"order_change_perc\"] = (\n",
+        "    (df_aggr[\"Total_ordered_pieces\"] - df_aggr[\"Previous_Total_ordered_pieces\"])\n",
+        "    / df_aggr[\"Previous_Total_ordered_pieces\"].fillna(0)\n",
+        "    * 100\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# plot a scatterplot to visualize the changes\n",
+        "sns.scatterplot(\n",
+        "    x=\"price_change_perc\",\n",
+        "    y=\"order_change_perc\",\n",
+        "    data=df_aggr,\n",
+        "    hue=\"Product_ID\",\n",
+        "    legend=False,\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "plt.title(\"Percentage of change in price vs order\")\n",
+        "plt.show()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8259e916fe25"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "For most of the products, the percentage change in orders are high where the percentage changes in the prices are low. This suggests that too much change in the prices can affect the number of orders. \n",
+        "\n",
+        "**Note**: There seem to be some outliers in the data as percentage changes greater than 800 are found. In the current exercise, do not take any manual measures to deal with outliers as you will create a BigQuery ML timeseries model that already deals with outliers.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Preprocess the data for training\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-8\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Check which `Product_ID`'s  have the maximum orders."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f5cbc7709c6a"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df_orders = df.groupby([\"Product_ID\", \"Customer_Hierarchy\"], as_index=False)[\n",
+        "    \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\"\n",
+        "].sum()\n",
+        "df_orders.loc[\n",
+        "    df_orders.groupby(\"Customer_Hierarchy\")[\"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\"].idxmax()\n",
+        "]"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fd6d227e513e"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "From the above result, you can infer the following:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "- Under the **Food** category, **SKU 62** has the maximum orders.\n",
+        "- Under the **Manufacturing** category, **SKU 17** has the maximum orders.\n",
+        "- Under the **Paper** category, **SKU 107** has the maximum orders.\n",
+        "- Under the **Publishing** category, **SKU 8** has the maximum orders.\n",
+        "- Under the **Utilities** category, **SKU 140** has the maximum orders.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Given that there are too many ids and only a few records for most of them, consider only the above `Product_ID`s for which there are a maximum number of orders. \n",
+        "\n",
+        "**Note**: The `Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces` field seems to be a *float* type rather than an *int* type as it should be. This could be because the data itself might be averaged in the first place."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2dbc0d64d157"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Check the various prices available for these `Product_ID`s."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "acc1dbd2d838"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df_type_food = df[(df[\"Product_ID\"] == \"SKU 62\") & (df[\"Customer_Hierarchy\"] == \"Food\")]\n",
+        "print(\"Food :\")\n",
+        "print(df_type_food[\"List_Price_Converged\"].value_counts())\n",
+        "df_type_manuf = df[\n",
+        "    (df[\"Product_ID\"] == \"SKU 17\") & (df[\"Customer_Hierarchy\"] == \"Manufacturing\")\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "print(\"Manufacturing :\")\n",
+        "print(df_type_manuf[\"List_Price_Converged\"].value_counts())\n",
+        "df_type_paper = df[\n",
+        "    (df[\"Product_ID\"] == \"SKU 107\") & (df[\"Customer_Hierarchy\"] == \"Paper\")\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "print(\"Paper :\")\n",
+        "print(df_type_paper[\"List_Price_Converged\"].value_counts())\n",
+        "df_type_pub = df[\n",
+        "    (df[\"Product_ID\"] == \"SKU 8\") & (df[\"Customer_Hierarchy\"] == \"Publishing\")\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "print(\"Publishing :\")\n",
+        "print(df_type_pub[\"List_Price_Converged\"].value_counts())\n",
+        "df_type_util = df[\n",
+        "    (df[\"Product_ID\"] == \"SKU 140\") & (df[\"Customer_Hierarchy\"] == \"Utilities\")\n",
+        "]\n",
+        "print(\"Utilities :\")\n",
+        "print(df_type_util[\"List_Price_Converged\"].value_counts())"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f023af578c0f"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "In the publishing category, `Product_ID` `SKU 8` and `SKU 17` are less than or equal to two different prices in the entire data and so you will exclude them and consider the rest for building the forecast model. The idea here is to train a forecast model on the timeseries data for products with different prices.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Join the data for all the `Product_ID`s into one dataframe and remove duplicate records."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a44771cc4c20"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df_final = pd.concat([df_type_food, df_type_paper, df_type_util])\n",
+        "df_final = (\n",
+        "    df_final[\n",
+        "        [\n",
+        "            \"Product_ID\",\n",
+        "            \"Fiscal_Date\",\n",
+        "            \"Customer_Hierarchy\",\n",
+        "            \"List_Price_Converged\",\n",
+        "            \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\",\n",
+        "        ]\n",
+        "    ]\n",
+        "    .drop_duplicates()\n",
+        "    .reset_index(drop=True)\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "df_final.head()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "add5063df368"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Save the data to a BigQuery table."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fd82ba56571f"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "bq_client = bigquery.Client(project=PROJECT_ID)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "job_config = bigquery.LoadJobConfig(\n",
+        "    # Specify a (partial) schema. All columns are always written to the\n",
+        "    # table. The schema is used to assist in data type definitions.\n",
+        "    schema=[\n",
+        "        bigquery.SchemaField(\"Product_ID\", bigquery.enums.SqlTypeNames.STRING),\n",
+        "        bigquery.SchemaField(\"Fiscal_Date\", bigquery.enums.SqlTypeNames.DATE),\n",
+        "        bigquery.SchemaField(\"List_Price_Converged\", bigquery.enums.SqlTypeNames.FLOAT),\n",
+        "        bigquery.SchemaField(\n",
+        "            \"Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\", bigquery.enums.SqlTypeNames.FLOAT\n",
+        "        ),\n",
+        "    ],\n",
+        "    # Optionally, set the write disposition. BigQuery appends loaded rows\n",
+        "    # to an existing table by default, but with WRITE_TRUNCATE write\n",
+        "    # disposition it replaces the table with the loaded data.\n",
+        "    write_disposition=\"WRITE_TRUNCATE\",\n",
+        ")\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# save the dataframe to a table in the created dataset\n",
+        "job = bq_client.load_table_from_dataframe(\n",
+        "    df_final,\n",
+        "    \"{}.{}.{}\".format(PROJECT_ID, DATASET, TRAINING_DATA_TABLE),\n",
+        "    job_config=job_config,\n",
+        ")  # Make an API request.\n",
+        "job.result()  # Wait for the job to complete."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fca77641b03b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# Train the model using BigQuery ML\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-9\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Train an [Arima-Plus](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery-ml/docs/reference/standard-sql/bigqueryml-syntax-create-time-series) model on the data using BigQuery ML."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "cded27507891"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "#@bigquery\n",
+        "create or replace model pricing_optimization.bqml_arima\n",
+        "options\n",
+        " (model_type = 'ARIMA_PLUS',\n",
+        "  time_series_timestamp_col = 'Fiscal_Date',\n",
+        "  time_series_data_col = 'Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces',\n",
+        "  time_series_id_col = 'ID'\n",
+        " ) as\n",
+        "select\n",
+        " Fiscal_Date,\n",
+        " Concat(Product_ID,\"_\" ,Cast(List_Price_Converged as string)) as ID,\n",
+        " Invoiced_quantity_in_Pieces\n",
+        "from\n",
+        " pricing_optimization.TRAINING_DATA\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "332fd11ff32b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Generate forecasts from the model\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-10\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Predict the sales for the next 30 days for each id and save to a dataframe."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ef926cdbf28e"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "client = Client()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "query = '''\n",
+        "DECLARE HORIZON STRING DEFAULT \"30\"; #number of values to forecast\n",
+        "DECLARE CONFIDENCE_LEVEL STRING DEFAULT \"0.90\"; ## required confidence level\n",
+        "\n",
+        "EXECUTE IMMEDIATE format(\"\"\"\n",
+        "    SELECT\n",
+        "      *\n",
+        "    FROM \n",
+        "      ML.FORECAST(MODEL pricing_optimization.bqml_arima, \n",
+        "                  STRUCT(%s AS horizon, \n",
+        "                         %s AS confidence_level)\n",
+        "                 )\n",
+        "    \"\"\",HORIZON,CONFIDENCE_LEVEL)'''\n",
+        "job = client.query(query)\n",
+        "dfforecast = job.to_dataframe()\n",
+        "dfforecast.head()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "608c7de72dae"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Interpret the results to choose the best price\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-11\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Calculate average forecast values for the forecast duration."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "e1e193680400"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "dfforecast_avg = (\n",
+        "    dfforecast[[\"ID\", \"forecast_value\"]].groupby(\"ID\", as_index=False).mean()\n",
+        ")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "5ce395d652a3"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Extract the ID and Price fields from the ID field."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "452c56fa58ed"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "dfforecast_avg[\"Product_ID\"] = dfforecast_avg[\"ID\"].apply(lambda x: x.split(\"_\")[0])\n",
+        "dfforecast_avg[\"Price\"] = dfforecast_avg[\"ID\"].apply(lambda x: x.split(\"_\")[1])"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3cee67f4028f"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Plot the average forecasted sales vs. the price of the product."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fb351c8f383d"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "for i in dfforecast_avg[\"Product_ID\"].unique():\n",
+        "    dfforecast_avg[dfforecast_avg[\"Product_ID\"] == i].set_index(\"Price\").sort_values(\n",
+        "        \"forecast_value\"\n",
+        "    ).plot(kind=\"bar\")\n",
+        "    plt.title(\"Price vs. Average Sales for \" + i)\n",
+        "    plt.show()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "67ff3acc74a5"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Based on the plots for price vs. the average forecasted orders, it can be said that to use the maximum orders, each of the considered `Product_ID`s can follow the below prices:\n",
+        "\n",
+        "- SKU 107's price range can be from 4.44 - 4.73 units\n",
+        "- SKU 140's price can be 1.95 units\n",
+        "- SKU 62's price can be 4.23 units\n",
+        "\n",
+        "\n",
+        "## Clean Up\n",
+        "<a name=\"section-12\"></a>\n",
+        "\n",
+        "To clean up all Google Cloud resources used in this project, you can [delete the Google Cloud project](https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#shutting_down_projects) you used for the tutorial.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Otherwise, you can delete the individual resources you created in this tutorial. The following code deletes the entire dataset."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d78908b8134d"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "# Construct a BigQuery client object.\n",
+        "client = bigquery.Client()\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# TODO(developer): Set model_id to the ID of the model to fetch.\n",
+        "dataset_id = \"{PROJECT}.{DATASET}\".format(PROJECT=PROJECT_ID, DATASET=DATASET)\n",
+        "\n",
+        "# Use the delete_contents parameter to delete a dataset and its contents.\n",
+        "# Use the not_found_ok parameter to not receive an error if the dataset has already been deleted.\n",
+        "client.delete_dataset(\n",
+        "    dataset_id, delete_contents=True, not_found_ok=True\n",
+        ")  # Make an API request.\n",
+        "\n",
+        "print(\"Deleted dataset '{}'.\".format(dataset_id))"
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "metadata": {
+    "colab": {
+      "name": "pricing-optimization.ipynb",
+      "toc_visible": true
+    },
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "display_name": "Python 3",
+      "name": "python3"
+    }
+  },
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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+++ b/Show More