diff --git a/app/azure/request_adapter.py b/app/azure/request_adapter.py
index 7e3f434..8c8e1c3 100644
--- a/app/azure/request_adapter.py
+++ b/app/azure/request_adapter.py
@@ -27,6 +27,27 @@ class RequestAdapter:
         self.adapter = adapter  # AzureAdapter instance for shared config/env
 
     # ---- Helpers (kept local to minimize cross-module coupling) ----
+    def _content_to_text(self, content: Any) -> str:
+        """Convert message content (string or list of parts) to a string for Azure."""
+        if content is None:
+            return ""
+        if isinstance(content, str):
+            return content
+        if isinstance(content, list):
+            parts = []
+            for part in content:
+                if isinstance(part, dict):
+                    if part.get("type") == "text":
+                        parts.append(part.get("text", ""))
+                    elif part.get("type") == "image_url":
+                        parts.append("[image]")
+                    else:
+                        parts.append(f"[{part.get('type', 'unknown')}]")
+                else:
+                    parts.append(str(part))
+            return "\n".join(parts) if parts else ""
+        return str(content)
+
     def _copy_request_headers_for_azure(
         self, src: Request, *, api_key: str
     ) -> Dict[str, str]:
@@ -47,26 +68,26 @@ class RequestAdapter:
             role = m.get("role")
             content = m.get("content")
             if role in {"system", "developer"}:
-                instructions_parts.append(content)
+                instructions_parts.append(self._content_to_text(content))
                 continue
             # For user/assistant/tools as inputs
             if role == "tool":
                 call_id = m.get("tool_call_id")
-
                 item = {
                     "type": "function_call_output",
-                    "output": content,
+                    "output": self._content_to_text(content),
                     "status": "completed",
                     "call_id": call_id,
                 }
                 input_items.append(item)
             else:
+                text_content = self._content_to_text(content)
                 item = {
                     "role": role or "user",
                     "content": [
                         {
                             "type": "input_text" if role == "user" else "output_text",
-                            "text": content,
+                            "text": text_content,
                         },
                     ],
                 }
diff --git a/app/common/logging.py b/app/common/logging.py
index 021b203..2418cd1 100644
--- a/app/common/logging.py
+++ b/app/common/logging.py
@@ -100,11 +100,35 @@ def _capture_request_details(req: Request, request_id: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
 def escape_tags(text: str) -> str:
     """Escapes xml-like tags in text so that they are visible when rendered as Markdown."""
+    if text is None:
+        return ""
+    if not isinstance(text, str):
+        return str(text)
     return re.sub(
         "(<[^<\n]+?)(>)", "\\1>`\n", re.sub("(<)([^>\n]+?>)", "\n`<\\2", text)
     ).replace(">`\n\n\n`<", ">`\n\n`<")
 
 
+def _content_to_string(content: Any) -> str:
+    """Convert message content (string or list of parts) to a string for display."""
+    if content is None:
+        return ""
+    if isinstance(content, str):
+        return content
+    if isinstance(content, list):
+        parts = []
+        for part in content:
+            if isinstance(part, dict):
+                if part.get("type") == "text":
+                    parts.append(part.get("text", ""))
+                else:
+                    parts.append(f"[{part.get('type', 'unknown')}]")
+            else:
+                parts.append(str(part))
+        return "\n".join(parts) if parts else ""
+    return str(content)
+
+
 def create_message_panel(msg: Dict[str, Any], idx: int, total: int) -> Panel:
     """Create a Rich Panel for displaying a message.